In the method for operating a movable compaction device (10) during material compaction work the moisture content of the material to be compacted is monitored. The method comprises the steps of defining a compaction performance index for the material (100) to be compacted, said compaction performance index being an electromagnetic character correlating with the volumetric moisture content of the material, determining the compaction performance index value in a number of survey points of the material to be compacted during compaction work using electromagnetic measurement device and controlling the operation on the compaction device based on determined compaction performance index values. Determination of the compaction performance index includes sending at east one wideband electromagnetic pulse to the material to be compacted with a ground penetrating radar, receiving a reflected signal, measuring the power spectral density and peak to peak amplitude from the reflected signal and calculating the compaction performance index by using the measured density and amplitude.

A method of automatically managing a center pivot irrigation machine comprising steps of: (a) providing at least one center pivot irrigation machine and positioning said center pivot irrigation machine such that said center pivot irrigation machine is movable within an irrigated plot around a center thereof; (b) providing a ground penetration radar; (c) mounting said ground penetration radar on said center pivot irrigation machine; (d) moving said center pivot irrigation machine about said center of said irrigated plot; (e) scanning said irrigated by said ground penetration radar at frequencies ranging between 200-1200 MHz; (f) calculating a distribution of soil moisture over a depth from a soil surface; and (g) creating an irrigation plan according to said distribution.

A soil imaging system having a work layer sensor disposed on an agricultural implement to generate an electromagnetic field through a soil area of interest as the agricultural implement traverses a field. A monitor in communication with the work layer sensor is adapted to generate a work layer image of the soil layer of interest based on the generated electromagnetic field. The work layer sensor may also generate a reference image by generating an electromagnetic field through undisturbed soil. The monitor may compare at least one characteristic of the reference image with at least one characteristic of the work layer image to generate a characterized image of the work layer of interest. The monitor may display operator feedback and may effect operational control of the agricultural implement based on the characterized image.

A frame body may be parallel to and proximate with a surface of a structure and extend substantially horizontally from a first side to a second side. A connecting portion may be provided to be attached to a cable to provide for vertical movement of the frame body. A robotic arm may be affixed proximate to a bottom of the frame body and be able to move horizontally during penetrative imaging of the surface. Moreover, the robotic arm may extend to an end proximate with the surface, and a penetrative imaging portion may be attached to the robotic arm near the end proximate with the surface. The robotic arm may rotate, vertically moving the penetrative imaging portion during penetrative imaging of the surface. In addition, the penetrative imaging portion may be separately rotated about three orthogonal axes of rotation (yaw, pitch, roll) to achieve various angles of approach and orientation to the surface.

A method and system for obtaining SAR images with reduced or eliminated surface clutter to detect subsurface targets, the method comprising the following steps: -selecting a first frequency and an incidence angle for the radar signal such that the ratio of surface backscattering to subsurface target backscattering is significantly larger for vertical polarization than for horizontal -obtaining vertically and horizontally polarized SAR images based on the same SAR path exploiting the selected first frequency and viewing angle -weighting and differencing the vertically and horizontally polarized SAR images so that the surface backscattering completely cancels between the two images and only the combination of the target backscattering components remains.

To simulate a 3D image of a subsurface below a surface, the system having a memory device for storing an instruction, a processor in communication with the memory device configured to execute the instruction, and a subsurface image capture module in communication with the processor, the subsurface image capture module having one or more wave generating device and one or more sensor affixed to a vehicle to capture a series of digital image datasets of the subsurface with a coordinate reference data, wherein the processor executes an instruction to generate a digital model of the series of digital image datasets of the subsurface while maintaining the coordinate reference data, wherein the processor executes an instruction to determine a depth map of the digital model, and wherein the processor executes an instruction to identify a key subject point in the digital model, where subsurface includes an internal biology, below ground, underwater.

A drill head for earth boring, in particular for a horizontal drilling device, includes a housing, a transmitter for generating a radio signal, an antenna and a receiver for receiving a reflected radio signal, wherein the transmitter which is adapted to generate the radio signal includes a direct digital synthesizer.

A personal area radar is provided to permit a user to be aware of their surroundings. This may be in 360 degrees or any other suitable coverage area and angle. The personal area radar can show objects to the user through fog, smoke, precipitation, darkness and with full 360 degree field of view capability, significantly improving the user's overall situational awareness. They may also be used to view things that are behind solid objects such as in or behind walls or underground. These systems may be highly integrated phased array radar systems mounted on a helmet. They may use small, high frequency radars able to detect solid objects (and/or semi-solid objects) such as people, improvised explosive devices (IED), or other solid objects. These methods and systems may provide the user with 360 degrees view and awareness of objects regardless of external conditions such as weather, darkness or other obstructions.

The disclosed technology includes a device and method of use for direct printing and ink or other marking, in conjunction with GPR techniques. In a most basic embodiment of the disclosed technology, a relevant date, time, filename, and other parameters are printed or otherwise physically exhibited on the measurement surface, so that RADAR files can be later attributed to a specific data collection site. In a more advanced embodiment of the disclosed technology, actual RADAR target information is printed, or otherwise physically exhibited, on the measurement surface, such as while measuring, or substantially while measuring, the surface and substrate beneath with GPR.

Omnidirectional electromagnetic signal inducer (“omni-inducer”) devices are disclosed for generating utility locating current signals, at one or more frequencies in on or more time intervals.