Resonant meta-material structures are defined by metallic, dielectric or other materials that form nanoshells or nanomeshes that can be situated proximate to ionizing-radiation-sensitive layers so as to provide ionizing-radiation-dose-dependent optical properties. Such meta-material structures can also define aligned or periodic, semi-random, or other arrangements of nanostructures that are coupled to or include stressed layers. Detection of optical radiation from such structures is used to determine gamma radiation dose or to detect a disturbance of the nanostructure indicating tampering.

Resonant meta-material structures are defined by metallic, dielectric or other materials that form nanoshells or nanomeshes that can be situated proximate to ionizing-radiation-sensitive layers so as to provide ionizing-radiation-dose-dependent optical properties. Such meta-material structures can also define aligned or periodic, semi-random, or other arrangements of nanostructures that are coupled to or include stressed layers. Detection of optical radiation from such structures is used to determine gamma radiation dose or to detect a disturbance of the nanostructure indicating tampering.

This relates to a dosimeter including a light source capable of generating a light beam, an optical coupler-splitter, a radio-sensitive optical fiber, a first photodetector arranged to record a power measurement of the light beam transmitted through the radio-sensitive optical fiber, a reference optical arm, a second photodetector arranged to record a reference power measurement of the light beam transmitted through the reference optical arm, and an electronic system configured to extract a differential radiation induced attenuation measurement in the radio-sensitive optical fiber with respect to the reference optical arm. The light beam is non-polarized or depolarized, or, respectively, the light beam is polarized and the radio-sensitive optical fiber is a polarization-maintaining fiber.

For calibration in medical emission tomography, the dosimeter and/or detector is calibrated in the field, such as at the clinic or other patient scanning location. To allow for a fewer number of calibration sources used in calibrating and/or assist in calibration for multispectral emission tomography, a calibration source includes multiple isotopes and/or a proxy source or isotope is used instead of the same isotope used in factory calibration.

For calibration in medical emission tomography, the dosimeter and/or detector is calibrated in the field, such as at the clinic or other patient scanning location. To allow for a fewer number of calibration sources used in calibrating and/or assist in calibration for multispectral emission tomography, a calibration source includes multiple isotopes and/or a proxy source or isotope is used instead of the same isotope used in factory calibration.

A radiation monitor apparatus and method based on wavelength-dependent optical absorption in fused silica optical fibers. The radiation monitor uses the radiation induced optical changes in fused silica optical fibers as a way to quantify and differentiate the large doses of radiation from high energy photons and neutrons as well as providing a method to extend the sensitivity over a large dynamic range of doses from 103 to beyond 106 rads. The radiation monitor enables dynamic monitoring of highly ionizing radiation environments. The radiation monitor reduces sensitivity saturation at high dose levels, provides increased sensitivity over a large dynamic range of doses, and enables differentiation between high energy photon and neutron contributions or poor signal to noise.

A radiation monitor apparatus and method based on wavelength-dependent optical absorption in fused silica optical fibers. The radiation monitor uses the radiation induced optical changes in fused silica optical fibers as a way to quantify and differentiate the large doses of radiation from high energy photons and neutrons as well as providing a method to extend the sensitivity over a large dynamic range of doses from 103 to beyond 106 rads. The radiation monitor enables dynamic monitoring of highly ionizing radiation environments. The radiation monitor reduces sensitivity saturation at high dose levels, provides increased sensitivity over a large dynamic range of doses, and enables differentiation between high energy photon and neutron contributions or poor signal to noise.

The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)

(M).sub.8(MM).sub.6O.sub.24(X,X).sub.2:M

formula (I).

Further, the invention relates to a luminescent material, to different uses, and to a device.

The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)

(M).sub.8(MM).sub.6O.sub.24(X,S).sub.2:Mformula (I).

Further, the invention relates to an ultraviolet radiation sensing material, to an X-radiation sensing material, to different uses, to a device and to a method for determining the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.

The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)

(M).sub.8(MM).sub.6O.sub.24(X,S).sub.2:Mformula (I).

Further, the invention relates to an ultraviolet radiation sensing material, to an X-radiation sensing material, to different uses, to a device and to a method for determining the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.