A method is for analyzing, using a detector of alpha particles, a sample comprising at least one radionuclide emitter of a plurality of alpha particles. The detector comprises a detection medium and a plurality of measurement cells suitable for measuring at least one incident signal generated by an interaction of the alpha particle with said detection medium. The detector is designed to provide an autoradiographic image of said sample. The method comprises a step for determining (E1) an initial energy of each alpha particle. The step comprises repeating three sub-steps: determining (D1) a position of a first interaction of an alpha particle with the detection medium, determining (D2) an energy deposited by the particle in the interior of the detector and determining (D3) the initial energy of the alpha particle. The method then comprises constructing an energy spectrum for one zone of the autoradiographic image.

The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)
(M′).sub.8(M″M′″).sub.6O.sub.24(X,X′).sub.2:M″″   formula (I).
Further, the invention relates to a luminescent material, and to different medical imaging and diagnostic methods of using the material. Also disclosed is a method of securely identifying an item using the material.

An improved scintillator nanocomposite comprising nanoparticles with scintillating properties and a diameter between 10 and 50 nanometer and a first matrix material comprises is obtained by introducing the nanoparticles into a dispersing medium to form a stable suspension. The dispersing medium is a precursor to the first matrix material, which is cured to form the first matrix material.

A radiation analysis system comprising a target comprising two marks which are separated from each other, the target being configured to undergo thermal expansion when illuminated with radiation; a position measurement system configured to measure a change in the separation of the marks; and a processor configured to determine a power of the radiation using the measured change in separation of the marks.

A neutrino detector device (100) for detecting neutrinos comprises at least one target detector (10) including a target crystal (11) for creating phonons in response to an interaction of neutrinos to be detected with the target crystal (11) and a target temperature sensor (12) for sensing a temperature change in response to an absorption of phonons created in the target crystal (11), an inner veto detector (20) comprising at least one inner veto component (21) with an inner veto temperature sensor (23), wherein the at least one inner veto component (21) is adapted for supporting the at least one target detector (10) and for an anticoincidence based discrimination of alpha and beta background interaction events by creating phonons in response to the background interaction events and sensing a temperature change in response to an absorption of the phonons with the inner veto temperature sensor (23), and an outer veto detector (30) for accommodating the inner veto detector (20), wherein the outer veto detector (30) comprises at least one outer veto component (31) creating phonons in response to an interaction with gamma and neutron background and having an outer veto temperature sensor (33) for sensing a temperature change in response to an absorption of phonons created in the at least one outer veto component (31), wherein the neutrino detector device (100) is configured for an operation at cryogenic temperatures, a crystal volume of the target crystal (11) and a size of the target temperature sensor (12) of the at least one target detector (10) are selected such that an over-ground sensitivity threshold of the at least one target detector (10) is below 180 eV, and the at least one inner veto component (21, 26) surrounds the at least one target detector (10), so that the at least one target detector (10) is arranged within the inner veto detector (20). Furthermore, a neutrino detector system including the neutrino detector device and methods of detecting neutrinos are described, wherein the neutrino detector device (100) is used.

Disclosed is a liquid crystal X-ray detector capable of obtaining a complete X-ray image of a subject without having to combine smaller partial X-ray images while using an imaging lens much smaller than a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal X-ray detector includes a photoconductor unit including a photoconductive layer, a liquid crystal unit provided on the photoconductor unit and including a liquid crystal layer, a read beam output unit outputting a read beam toward the liquid crystal layer, and an imaging lens disposed on a light path in front of the liquid crystal layer. The read beam output unit emits scattered or plane light. The imaging lens has a long axis length that is equal to or smaller than one half of the long axis length of the liquid crystal layer.

A material represented by the following formula (I)
(M).sub.8M.sub.6M.sub.6O.sub.24(X,S).sub.2:Mformula (I).
Also disclosed is an ultraviolet radiation sensing material, an X-radiation sensing material, a device and a method for determining the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.

According to one embodiment, a superconducting element used as a pixel for detecting a particle is disclosed. The superconducting element includes at least one superconducting strip. The at least one superconducting strip includes a meandering structure. The meandering structure includes a first portion extending in a first direction and made of a superconducting material, a second portion connected to the first portion, extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and being conductive, and a third portion connected to the second portion, extending in a direction opposite to the first direction, and made of a superconducting material. A superconducting region of any one of the first portion and the third portion is configured to be divided when the particle is radiated to the first portion.

A radiation analysis apparatus includes an excitation source unit irradiating an object, for which the radiation analysis apparatus analyzes property or a structure, with a first radiation, a radiation detection unit including three or more radiation detectors that detect a second radiation generated from the object irradiated with the first radiation, a radiation focusing unit disposed between the object and the radiation detection unit, and focusing the second radiation, a position changing unit changing a relative positional relationship between the radiation focusing unit and the radiation detection unit, and a control unit controlling the position changing unit to change the positional relationship, based on first information which is stored in a storage unit and indicates an intensity distribution of the second radiation emitted from the radiation focusing unit and second information indicating a distribution based on a detection count of the second radiation detected by each of the radiation detectors.

A metal oxide based radiation sensor includes a titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) thin film layer on a microcantilever surface. The TiO.sub.2 thin film layer initially comprises anatase and rutile crystal structures. Exposure to radiation, such as gamma radiation, results in changes in structural features and mechanical behaviors of the metal oxide based radiation sensor. In particular, the resonant frequency changes with exposure to radiation dosages. The structural and mechanical behaviors of the metal oxide based radiation sensor change proportionally with dosage within a range of dosages.