The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)

(M).sub.8(MM).sub.6O.sub.24(X,X).sub.2:M

formula (I).

Further, the invention relates to a luminescent material, to different uses, and to a device.

The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)

(M).sub.8(MM).sub.6O.sub.24(X,S).sub.2:Mformula (I).

Further, the invention relates to an ultraviolet radiation sensing material, to an X-radiation sensing material, to different uses, to a device and to a method for determining the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.

An apparatus (7) for detecting radiation, preferably x-ray radiation, the apparatus comprising at least one detector element (11) which comprises an absorber element (1) for the radiation and a nanowire (2) made of a superconducting material in thermally conducting communication with the absorber element (1), wherein cooling means (34) are provided in order to cool the absorber element (1) and the nanowire (2) to a temperature in the range of the transition temperature of the nanowire (2) in an operating state of the apparatus (7) and wherein an evaluation and control unit (6) is provided to determine whether the nanowire (2) is in a superconducting state or not. According to the invention it is provided that at least one heating means (8) which can be controlled by means of the evaluation and control unit (6) is provided in order to be able to supply a thermal energy pulse to the absorber element (1), wherein the evaluation and control unit (6) is designed to continuously supply energy pulses to the absorber element (1) in the operating state of the apparatus (7) as long as the nanowire (2) is in the superconducting state.

An X-ray computed tomography (CT) apparatus includes a detector, and processing circuitry. The detector is configured to output, at each incidence of an X-ray photon, a signal enabling measurement of an energy value of the X-ray photon. Processing circuitry is configured to estimate an energy range to be used for imaging based on an imaging condition and to reconstruct X-ray CT image data using counting information to which an energy value within the energy range is associated among pieces of counting information that are collected from individual signals output by the detector at each incidence of an X-ray photon that has been irradiated from an X-ray tube and has passed through a subject, and in which a counting value and an energy value of X-ray photons incident to the detector are associated with each other.

A radiation analysis apparatus includes an excitation source unit irradiating an object, for which the radiation analysis apparatus analyzes property or a structure, with a first radiation, a radiation detection unit including three or more radiation detectors that detect a second radiation generated from the object irradiated with the first radiation, a radiation focusing unit disposed between the object and the radiation detection unit, and focusing the second radiation, a position changing unit changing a relative positional relationship between the radiation focusing unit and the radiation detection unit, and a control unit controlling the position changing unit to change the positional relationship, based on first information which is stored in a storage unit and indicates an intensity distribution of the second radiation emitted from the radiation focusing unit and second information indicating a distribution based on a detection count of the second radiation detected by each of the radiation detectors.

A radiation sensor, comprising a housing, a first chamber disposed in the housing and configured to contain a microorganism. A second chamber is disposed in the housing and configured to contain a fermentation material, the second chamber separated from the first chamber by a breakable separator. A breaking member is configured to break the breakable separator when pressed by a user. A flexible membrane is configured to flex when the microorganism ferments and thereby releases a gaseous byproduct. An electronic indicator is configured to relay information indicating the amount of fermentation, when the radiation sensor has been exposed to radiation less fermentation takes place resulting in a smaller volume of released gaseous byproduct.

A radiation imaging apparatus that has a detection unit that detects radiation and outputs image data determines whether or not a grid for scattered ray reduction is installed on the detection unit, and changes a radiation detection range of the detection unit based on the determination result.

Disclosed are a scintillator using semiconductor quantum dots, a method of manufacturing the scintillator, and a digital image diagnostic system employing the scintillator. In one aspect, the scintillator includes a metallic reflection film made of a metal configured to transmit an X-ray and reflecting visible light and having a plurality of voids formed in a thickness direction. The scintillator also includes a polymer film formed inside the plurality of voids and being configured to include a plurality of columnar structures to convert the X-ray into the visible light. The scintillator further includes semiconductor quantum dots dispersed in the polymer film and having a decay time of tens of nanoseconds.

An improved scintillator nanocomposite comprising nanoparticles with scintillating properties and a diameter between 10 and 50 nanometer and a first matrix material comprises is obtained by introducing the nanoparticles into a dispersing medium to form a stable suspension. The dispersing medium is a precursor to the first matrix material, which is cured to form the first matrix material.

This radiation analysis system comprises a transition edge sensor that detects radiation, a current detection mechanism that detects a current flowing in the transition edge sensor, and a computer sub-system that processes a current detection signal from the current detection mechanism. The computer sub-system is characterized by executing: a process for calculating a baseline current of the current detection signal; a process for calculating a wave height value of a signal pulse produced in the detection signal when the transition edge sensor has detected radiation; a process for acquiring correlation data based on the baseline current and the wave height value; and a process for correcting the wave height value of the signal pulse, or an energy value calculated from the wave height value, on the basis of the correlation data and the baseline current from before production of the signal pulse when radiation having unknown energy is detected.