Systems, methods, and computer readable media for the determination of hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) concentration and distribution in carbonate reservoirs using a mechanical earth model. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration in a carbonate reservoir n may be measured and correlated with horizontal maximum stresses of stress ratios determined using mechanical earth model for a strike-slip fault regime. The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration at different depths in the carbonate reservoir may be determined using the correlation.

Systems, methods, and computer readable media for the determination of hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) concentration and distribution in carbonate reservoirs using a mechanical earth model. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration in a carbonate reservoir n may be measured and correlated with horizontal maximum stresses of stress ratios determined using mechanical earth model for a strike-slip fault regime. The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration at different depths in the carbonate reservoir may be determined using the correlation.

The present invention discloses a system and method for phased array sound wave advanced geological exploration for a shield tunneling machine. The system includes a phased array sound wave emitting and receiving apparatus, a probe automatic telescopic apparatus, an automatic protection and cleaning apparatus, and a signal processing and imaging system. Sonic probes are installed on a side wall of a main spoke, opposite to a rotation direction, of a cutterhead of the shield tunneling machine, on the basis of automatic detection of a telescopic state and a contact state, sonic array probes are enabled to make contact with a tunnel face by a hydraulic push rod, a focus sound wave is emitted by using a phased array emitting technology, and a reflected wave signal with front geological information reflected from the front of the tunnel face is received. A scanning direction of a sound wave beam is controlled and changed continuously through a host system, on the premise of obtaining a suspected abnormal body position, the suspected position is imaged in detail by using a focusing image till scanning of a whole two-dimensional section is completed, then the cutterhead is rotated to change an arrangement direction of an array to continue scanning of a next two-dimensional section, and finally three-dimensional geological exploration in front of the tunnel face is realized.

An example method is for producing a seismic wave velocity model of a subsurface area. The method includes receiving, by a processor of a computing system, from a seismic receiver, seismic data input comprising a recorded seismic wave field. The method includes receiving, by the processor, an initial 1D velocity model of the subsurface area. The method includes determining, by the processor, a Laplace-Fourier transform of the recorded seismic wave field. The method includes regenerating, by the processor, the current 1D velocity model to generate inverted data representing the subsurface area. The method may include performing, by the processor, an upscaling of a plurality of 1D velocity models to produce a 3D velocity model.

A computer-implemented method may include obtaining seismic data acquired in a time-domain for a subterranean region of interest. The method may further include obtaining a property model for the subterranean region of interest. The method may further include determining one or more time shifts using a segment dynamic image warping function based on the seismic data and the property model. The method may further include determining an adjoint source operator using the derived time shift and one-way wave equation. The method may further include updating the property model using a gradient solver in a data-domain reflection traveltime inversion. The method may further include outputting the updated property model for the subterranean region of interest. The method may further include generating a seismic image for the subterranean region of interest using the updated property model.

In contrast to existing methods wherein derived horizons are interpreted in isolation, the disclosure provides a process that does not interpret patches themselves but determines the relationships between patches, in order to associate and link patches to derive a holistic geological interpretation. Predefined patches, such as from a pre-interpreted suite, are received as inputs to determine the relationships and derive an interpretation for a complete volume. In one aspect the disclosure provides an automated method of generating a geological age model for a subterranean area. In one example, the automated method includes: (1) abstracting seismic data of a subsurface into a limited number of patches, (2) abstracting the patches by defining patch-links between the patches, and (3) generating a geological age model of the subsurface by solving for the relative geological age of each of the patches using the patch-links.

A system, computer-readable medium, and method for determining a potential drilling location, of which the method includes obtaining data representing a subterranean domain. The data includes at least seismic data. The method also includes inverting the seismic data, creating a petroleum systems model of the subterranean domain based at least in part on a result of inverting the seismic data, simulating a dynamic reservoir model of the subterranean domain based at least in part on the petroleum systems model, and identifying the potential drilling location based on a combination of the inverting of the seismic data, creating the petroleum systems model, and simulating the dynamic reservoir model.

A method and apparatus for automated seismic interpretation (ASI), including: obtaining trained models comprising a geologic scenario from a model repository, wherein the trained models comprise executable code; obtaining test data comprising geophysical data for a subsurface region; and performing an inference on the test data with the trained models to generate a feature probability map representative of subsurface features. A method and apparatus for machine learning, including: an ASI model; a training dataset comprising seismic images and a plurality of data portions; a plurality of memory locations, each comprising a replication of the ASI model and a different data portion of the training dataset; a plurality of data augmentation modules, each identified with one of the plurality of memory locations; a training module configured to receive output from the plurality of data augmentation modules; and a model repository configured to receive updated models from the training module.

A device for monitoring and identifying a mountain torrent and debris flow and a method for early warning of disasters relate to the technical field of debris flow protection. The device includes a computation device, sensors, an amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter. The sensors convert an acquired impact force signal into a digital signal by the amplifier and the analog-to-digital converter, and transmits the digital signal to the computation device. The computation device utilizes the digital signal to compute an energy coefficient of a liquid impact signal and a solid-liquid impact energy ratio, and a debris flow mode is monitored and identified in combination with a threshold range of the energy coefficient and a threshold range of the solid-liquid impact energy ratio. The device identifies the nature of the mountain torrent and debris flow through time-frequency analysis of an impact force signal generated by the debris flow to sensors.

A method and system for identifying bonding between a material and tubing. The method may include disposing an acoustic logging tool in a wellbore, wherein the acoustic logging tool comprises a transmitter, a receiver, or a transceiver, broadcasting a shaped signal with the transmitter such that the shaped signal interacts with a boundary of a casing and a material and recording a result signal from the boundary with the receiver. The method may further comprise identifying a cut-off time to be applied to the result signal, transforming the result signal from a time domain to a frequency domain, selecting one or more modes sensitive to a bonding at the boundary between the casing and the material, computing a decay rate of the one or more modes that were selected based at least one or more decay curves, and converting the decay rate to a bonding log.