A sensing element (10) for an intrinsic gravity gradiometer (IGG) for use in sensing variation in a gravity field at a location. The sensing element (10) is flexible, elongate and has unfixed opposed ends (12, 14) when part of the gravity gradiometer. The sensing element can be a metallic ribbon, and can be mounted by a number e.g. 3 or 5, pivot points or axes 30-40 at each of the opposed sides along the sensing element, with the opposed ends of the sensing element free to move. The pivot points or axes can include pins, preferably cylindrical pins (48) or the sensing element may be etched within the side wall and remain joined to the remainder of the side wall by connections. The sensing element (10) can form part of one or more resonant cavities or wave guide (44, 52-66), such as a side or dividing wall (46) or part thereof. A dual phase bridge (61,612) arrangement can be provided. Electrical current (I) can be injected into the sensing element. Feed forward motion compensation (MC or FFMC) can be applied as part of the determination of the current. Applying electrical current into the opposed longitudinal sides (20, 22), such as right and left sides, of the sensing element, such as a ribbon, can be used for several types of compensation. Displacement of the sensing element can be detected by a resonant cavity, electromagnetic sensor or optical sensor.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus, a system and methods to influence a rate of at least one chemical reaction and/or a biological process and/or a phase transition process. The apparatus may include a computing device, a EM source assembly configured to provide electromagnetic radiation, a magnetic assembly configured to provide a magnetic field in a signal-generation region, and a guiding device coupled to the EM source assembly. The guiding device may be configured to guide the electromagnetic radiation provided by the EM source assembly along a guiding direction and into the signal-generation region, wherein the magnetic field in the signal-generation region may be perpendicular to the guiding direction of the guiding device. The apparatus may further include a focus area for outputting a gravitational radiation generated in the signal-generation region when the electromagnetic radiation of the EM source assembly interacts with the magnetic field provided by the magnet assembly. The focus area may be directed to at least partially cover the at least one chemical reaction and/or the biological process and/or the phase transition process. A control sample including the same at least one chemical reaction and/or biological process and/or phase transition process may be arranged outside the focus area and may be used for comparison with the probe to determine an influence thereon.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus, a system and methods to influence a rate of at least one chemical reaction and/or a biological process and/or a phase transition process. The apparatus may include a computing device, a EM source assembly configured to provide electromagnetic radiation, a magnetic assembly configured to provide a magnetic field in a signal-generation region, and a guiding device coupled to the EM source assembly. The guiding device may be configured to guide the electromagnetic radiation provided by the EM source assembly along a guiding direction and into the signal-generation region, wherein the magnetic field in the signal-generation region may be perpendicular to the guiding direction of the guiding device. The apparatus may further include a focus area for outputting a gravitational radiation generated in the signal-generation region when the electromagnetic radiation of the EM source assembly interacts with the magnetic field provided by the magnet assembly. The focus area may be directed to at least partially cover the at least one chemical reaction and/or the biological process and/or the phase transition process. A control sample including the same at least one chemical reaction and/or biological process and/or phase transition process may be arranged outside the focus area and may be used for comparison with the probe to determine an influence thereon.

A data processing method for an analogue modelling experiment of a hypergravity geological structure includes steps of: performing two-dimensional photographing and three-dimensional elevation scanning with an analogue modelling experiment device with a curved model surface for the hypergravity geological structure, so as to collect initial elevation data and initial velocity field data; and correcting the initial elevation data and the initial velocity field data to obtain corrected elevation data and corrected velocity field data. The data processing method can realize orthographic correction and three-dimensional projection transformation of initial elevation data, as well as orthographic correction and two-dimensional projection transformation of initial velocity field data, which can more realistically and objectively reflect the experimental phenomenon, which is conducive to truly expressing the experimental results and facilitates the analogy analysis with the actual geological prototype.

A data processing method for an analogue modelling experiment of a hypergravity geological structure includes steps of: performing two-dimensional photographing and three-dimensional elevation scanning with an analogue modelling experiment device with a curved model surface for the hypergravity geological structure, so as to collect initial elevation data and initial velocity field data; and correcting the initial elevation data and the initial velocity field data to obtain corrected elevation data and corrected velocity field data. The data processing method can realize orthographic correction and three-dimensional projection transformation of initial elevation data, as well as orthographic correction and two-dimensional projection transformation of initial velocity field data, which can more realistically and objectively reflect the experimental phenomenon, which is conducive to truly expressing the experimental results and facilitates the analogy analysis with the actual geological prototype.

An inertial navigation system (INS) device includes three or more atomic interferometer inertial sensors, three or more atomic interferometer gravity gradiometers, and a processor. Three or more atomic interferometer inertial sensors obtain raw inertial measurements for three or more components of linear acceleration and three or more components of rotation. Three or more atomic interferometer gravity gradiometers obtain raw measurements for three or more components of the gravity gradient tensor. The processor is configured to determine position using the raw inertial measurements and the raw gravity gradient measurements.

An inertial navigation system (INS) device includes three or more atomic interferometer inertial sensors, three or more atomic interferometer gravity gradiometers, and a processor. Three or more atomic interferometer inertial sensors obtain raw inertial measurements for three or more components of linear acceleration and three or more components of rotation. Three or more atomic interferometer gravity gradiometers obtain raw measurements for three or more components of the gravity gradient tensor. The processor is configured to determine position using the raw inertial measurements and the raw gravity gradient measurements.

A system implementing a method for generating a navigation output is provided. The method includes determining a gravitational anomaly estimate based at least in part on inertial sensor data and navigation output; generating navigation and sensor corrections that are due at least in part on inherent sensor errors that include vertical accelerometer/gravimeter corrections from at least a navigation output estimate, the gravitational anomaly estimate, and the gravity map data; and generating the navigation output based on the inertial sensor data, gravity map data and the navigation and sensor corrections.

A system implementing a method for generating a navigation output is provided. The method includes determining a gravitational anomaly estimate based at least in part on inertial sensor data and navigation output; generating navigation and sensor corrections that are due at least in part on inherent sensor errors that include vertical accelerometer/gravimeter corrections from at least a navigation output estimate, the gravitational anomaly estimate, and the gravity map data; and generating the navigation output based on the inertial sensor data, gravity map data and the navigation and sensor corrections.

Examples are directed toward systems and methods relating to security screening. For example, a screening system includes a sensor array to sense a gravitational field caused by an item, and a conveyor to convey the item through sensing positions for scanning by the sensor array. A controller acquires weight measurement information from sensor elements, and gravitational measurement information from the sensor array. The conveyor incrementally advances the item through additional sensing positions to acquire weight measurement information and gravitational measurement information. The controller performs tomographic reconstruction to generate a tomographic image of the item, using a generated weight map as a static weight input vector and using a generated mass map as a static mass input vector for the tomographic reconstruction.