A system and method are disclosed of electrostatic alignment and surface assembly of photonic crystals for dynamic color exhibition. The method includes: dispersing a plurality of photonic crystal chains into a solution; placing the solution of the plurality of photonic crystal chains in a container; and assembling and aligning the plurality of photonic crystal chains in the solution by a local charge build up on a surface of the container to exhibit color.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, and/or manufacture adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method for, activities that can include and/or relate to, providing a photonic crystal fiber that includes an elongated solid core that extends a length of the photonic crystal fiber and defines a fiber longitudinal axis and an elongated annular cladding extending the length of the photonic crystal fiber and is co-axial with the core.

A Concentrating PhotoVoltaic (CPV) system employs an inflatable non-imaging CPC concentrator to concentrate sunlight to realize extremely low cost and a synergistically combined photonic crystal waveguide solar spectrum splitter and perovskite integrated circuitry solar cell package to realize ultra-high conversion efficiency of solar radiation. The corporation of band gap variable perovskite materials into the integrated circuit solar cell not only reduces the cost and raises the efficiency of the photovoltaic package as the receiver, but also addresses the unstable issue of the perovskite materials through sealing the perovskite materials into package to prevent moisture, reducing the heat generation to low the temperature, and filtering the UV light and channel to other elemental solar made of broader band gap photovoltaic materials.

The present invention relates to a microstructure 20 having pores 22 on its surface or inside. The microstructure is a sheet containing an energy ray active resin 21. The pores 22 are formed in a vertical array and are in a formation pattern with a Talbot distance being specified by Formula 1 below:

Z.sub.T=(2nd.sup.2)/λ  [Formula 1] where Z.sub.T represents a Talbot distance (nm), n represents a refractive index, d represents a pitch distance (nm), and λ represents a light wavelength (nm). The pores have a periodic shape in the planar direction. Thus, the present invention provides three-dimensional microfabricated structures through which the periodicity is controlled.

Microstructures of micro and/or nano holes on one or more surfaces enhance photodetector optical sensitivity. Arrangements such as a CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) as an imaging LIDAR using a high speed photodetector array wafer of Si, Ge, a Ge alloy on SI and/or Si on Ge on Si, and a wafer of CMOS Logic Processor (CLP) ib Si fi signal amplification, processing and/or transmission can be stacked for electrical interaction. The wafers can be fabricated separately and then stacked or can be regions of the same monolithic chip. The image can be a time-of-flight image. Bayer arrays can be enhanced with microstructure holes. Pixels can be photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes, single photon avalanche photodiodes and phototransistors on the same array and can be Ge or Si pixels. The array can be of high speed photodetectors with data rates of 56 Gigabits per second, Gbps, or more per photodetector.

A photonic reflector device includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. The first layer, which functions as a retro-reflector, is formed of a first material contacting a second material and having a non-planar interface therebetween. The second layer, which functions as a photonic crystal, includes third and fourth materials that have different refractive indices from one another and are configured such that the second layer has a periodic optical potential along at least one dimension. The third layer, which functions as a Lambertian scatterer, includes a plurality of inclusions in a first matrix material. In combination, the layers may be optimized to synergistically reflect targeted wavelengths and/or polarizations of light.

Aspects of the disclosure are directed to generating solar power. In accordance with one aspect, a method for solar power generation, the method including: filtering a light to generate a filtered light and a rejected light; concentrating the filtered light; and passively radiating the rejected light.

A two-dimensional optical waveguide, a virtual and real optical beam combiner, and an AR device. A surface of a substrate is divided into an in-coupling region, a folding area, and an out-coupling region. The folding area is provided with a defect area and at least two line defects, and the defect area extends from the in-coupling region toward a side away from the in-coupling region. The line defects have one end in contact with the defect area, and another end extending to the out-coupling region. The at least two line defects are distributed along an axis of the defect area. A photonic crystal is provided along a periphery of the defect area and the line defects. The photonic crystals includes multiple scattering rods having an axis perpendicular to a surface of the folding area.

Provided herein are methods of preparing three-dimensional photonic crystals having tunable optical properties and control over stopband location and width, the three-dimensional photonic crystals comprising nanoparticles and spacer groups.

A three-dimensional photonic crystal template on a reflective substrate displays a periodic patterned from multibeam interference lithography with constructive volumes of a cured photoresist composition and destructive volumes that are voids free of mass containing defects and where the reflective substrate is conductive. A method to generate the three-dimensional photonic crystal template includes using at least four laser beams of unequal intensity, oriented such that a dose of light controlled by the irradiation time generates the periodic pattern with a small dose, where the light reflected from the substrate is insufficient to activate a threshold quantity of photoinitiator in the destructive volumes for the formation of any anomalous condensed matter in the intended void volume.