A display device comprises a plurality of light sources, a luminance equalizer sheet and a display. The light sources include a plurality of first light sources arranged in an array on an arrangement region and a plurality of second light sources arranged at corner portions of the arrangement region, respectively. The luminance equalizer sheet is arranged opposite the light sources to equalize luminance, the luminance equalizer sheet including first portions that face the first light sources, respectively, and second portions that face the second light sources, respectively, the second portions being different from the first portions. The display is arranged opposite the luminance equalizer sheet and disposed on an opposite side of the luminance equalizer sheet relative to the light sources. The second portions of the luminance equalizer sheet form corner low transmittance areas with lower light transmittance than a portion of the luminance equalizer sheet other than the first portions and the second portions.

A lighting module according to an embodiment of the invention includes: a substrate; a plurality of light emitting devices disposed in N rows (N is an integer of 1 or more) on the substrate; a first resin layer covering the plurality of light emitting devices; a first diffusion layer disposed on the first resin layer and diffusing light emitted from the first resin layer; and a second diffusion layer disposed on the first diffusion layer and diffusing light emitted from the first diffusion layer, wherein the first diffusion layer includes a diffusing agent, and the second diffusion layer includes at least one of a phosphor and ink particles.

The present invention is directed to a chromatic effect light reflective unit (1; 1a-1g). The unit (1; 1a-1g) comprises a reflective layer (10) having at least one reflective surface (11), and a chromatic diffusion layer (20) having a first surface (21) proximal to the reflective surface (11) and a second surface (23), opposite and substantially parallel to the first, configured to be illuminated by incident light, wherein the chromatic diffusion layer (20) comprises a nano-pillar (70) or nano-pore (30) structure in a first material having a first refractive index (n1), immersed in a second material having a second refractive index (n2) other than the first (n1), in which the first and second materials are substantially non-absorbing or transparent to electromagnetic radiations with wavelength included in the visible spectrum, wherein the ratio (n.sub.M/n.sub.m) between a higher refractive index (n.sub.M) and a lower refractive index (n.sub.M) chosen between the first (n1) and the second (n2) refractive indexes is comprised between 1.05 and 3, wherein the nano- pillars (71) or nano-pores (31) have a development along a main direction not parallel to the first surface (21) and the second surface (23) of the chromatic diffusion layer and the nano- pillars (70) or nano-pores (30) structure is characterized by a plurality of geometric parameters comprising a pillar diameter or pore diameter (d.sub.p), a pillar length or pore length (1.sub.p) along said main development direction, and a surface density of nano-pillars or nano-pores (D.sub.p) and/or a structure (30,70) porosity (P.sub.p) and wherein the pillar diameter or pore diameter (d.sub.p) is comprised between 40 nm and 300 nm, the length (l.sub.p) along the main development direction is comprised between 300 nm and 40 .Math.m (300 nm < l.sub.p < 40 .Math.m) and at least one between the surface density of nano-pillars or nano-pores (D.sub.p) and the structure (30,70) porosity (P.sub.p) is configured to provide a higher regular reflectance for wavelengths of incident light comprised in the range of red with respect to wavelengths of incident light comprised in the range of blue and a higher diffuse reflectance for wavelengths of incident light comprised in the range of blue than wavelengths of incident light comprised in the range of red.

A dispersive optical element includes a substrate including a dielectric material, an optical coating arranged on the substrate, and a layer of material including a microscale feature arranged directly on the optical coating.

A method of making illumination systems for illuminating building interiors comprises positioning first and second opaque, rigid reflective side walls at a distance from one another with reflective surfaces facing each other. The method further comprises positioning a reflective grid panel with parallel longitudinal walls and parallel transverse walls joining the longitudinal walls between the side walls, defining rectangular light-transmitting openings. The method also includes positioning an LED light source above the grid panel to illuminate it at incidence angles ranging from 0° to at least 45°. Additionally, the method comprises positioning a light diffusing sheet of optically transmissive dielectric material approximately coextensive with the grid panel parallel to the grid panel between the side walls above the grid panel. The transverse walls of the grid panel and the reflective side walls are configured to diffusely reflect portions of light transmitted through the rectangular openings.

A wavelength-converting element includes a substrate, a wavelength-converting layer and a diffuse reflection layer. The wavelength-converting layer is disposed above the substrate. The diffuse reflection layer is disposed between the substrate and the wavelength-converting layer. The diffuse reflection layer includes an inorganic binder and a plurality of diffuse reflection particles. The diffuse reflection particles are mixed with the inorganic binder. The inorganic binder includes an alcohol-soluble inorganic binder or a water-soluble inorganic binder. A projection apparatus using the wavelength-converting element and a manufacturing method of the wavelength-converting element are also provided.

A wavelength-converting element includes a substrate, a wavelength-converting layer and a diffuse reflection layer. The wavelength-converting layer is disposed above the substrate. The diffuse reflection layer is disposed between the substrate and the wavelength-converting layer. The diffuse reflection layer includes an inorganic binder and a plurality of diffuse reflection particles. The diffuse reflection particles are mixed with the inorganic binder. The inorganic binder includes an alcohol-soluble inorganic binder or a water-soluble inorganic binder. A projection apparatus using the wavelength-converting element and a manufacturing method of the wavelength-converting element are also provided.

A light source device includes a light source, a first polarization split element for transmitting first light from the light source which is polarized in a first polarization direction and reflecting the first light polarized in a second polarization direction, a first optical element for reflecting the first light from the first polarization split element, a diffusion element for diffusing the first light from the first polarization split element, a wavelength conversion element for performing wavelength conversion on the first light from the first optical element to emit second light, a second polarization split element which the second light enters from the first optical element, and which transmits the second light polarized in the first polarization direction and reflects the second light polarized in the second polarization direction, and a second optical element for reflecting the second light from the second polarization split element, polarized in the second polarization direction.

A wavelength-converting element includes a substrate, a wavelength-converting layer and a diffuse reflection layer. The wavelength-converting layer is disposed above the substrate. The diffuse reflection layer is disposed between the substrate and the wavelength-converting layer. The diffuse reflection layer includes an inorganic binder and a plurality of diffuse reflection particles. The diffuse reflection particles are mixed with the inorganic binder. The inorganic binder includes an alcohol-soluble inorganic binder or a water-soluble inorganic binder. A projection apparatus using the wavelength-converting element and a manufacturing method of the wavelength-converting element are also provided.

A radiometer probe for matching a spectral sensitivity of a dry-film resist is provided. The radiometer probe includes a light probe and a filter-diffuser assembly connected to the light probe. The filter-diffuser assembly includes a filter housing configured to receive an optical diffuser positioned on a filter. The optical diffuser and the filter are separated by a spacer.