An illumination optical system includes a plurality of light sources arranged in an annular shape, and a prism plate that is formed in an annular shape about an optical axis of illumination light from the light sources. The prism plate includes a prism surface, upon which the illumination light falls incident and on which prism a plurality of prisms arranged in an annular shape along a circumferential direction of the prism plate, are formed, a flat section upon which the illumination light falls incident and which is formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the prism plate, and an emission plane that emits the illumination light. The prism surface is formed on an outer peripheral side outward from a radius of the prism plate that is centered on the optical axis, and the flat section is formed on an inner peripheral side inward from the radius.

An optical sheet includes a first wedge layer having a first refractive index and including a wedge-shaped prism pattern including an inclined surface having an inclination angle with respect to a plane defined by a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and a vertical surface extending in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, a second wedge layer disposed on the first wedge layer and having a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index, and a light blocking pattern disposed between the first wedge layer and the second wedge layer and including a first surface that contacts with the vertical surface and a second surface inclined to have the inclination angle with respect to the plane while contacting with the inclined surface.

A lens device includes a first lens module, a first light path turning module and an image sensor. The first lens module, the first light path turning module and the image sensor are sequentially arranged along a light path in which a light beam propagates. The first light path turning module is configured to change a direction in which the light beam propagates so that the light beam passes through the first lens module to form an image on the image sensor.

The present invention relates to a prism layer (10) superimposed on the front surface of a display (20), in which: a plurality of prism parts (11) are vertically arranged; the prism parts (11) each have an upper slope surface (12) and a lower slope surface (13), and have a corner part (14) which has a forward protruding triangular shape in a cross-sectional view; the angle θ1 of the upper slope surface (12) with respect to a rear surface (15) is set to 60° to 120°, and the angle θ2 of the lower slope surface (13) with respect to the rear surface (15) is set to 5° to 45°; and the pitch Pp of a groove part (16) between the prism parts (11) is made smaller than the vertical pitch Pd of a pixel (21) of the display (20).

An optical isolation element comprising, sequentially: a light control film; a first optical path changing element; and a second optical path changing element. The optical isolation element has an excellent optical isolation ratio, and can be manufactured simply and at low cost. Such an optical isolation element can be applied, for example, to the fields of optical communication or laser optics, security and privacy protection, and members for brightness enhancement in displays or military products requiring hiding and covering, and the like.

A lithography system includes an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source, a reticle stage, a reflection layer, and a plurality of light permeable protrusions. The EUV light source is configured for generating an EUV light beam. The reticle stage is configured for holding a reticle with a front surface of the reticle facing in a downward direction. The reflection layer is below the reticle stage. The light permeable protrusions are formed on the reflection layer. Each of the light permeable protrusions includes a bouncing surface facing in a direction that forms an acute angle with the downward direction. A first portion of the EUV light beam from the EUV light source passes through the bouncing surface of each of the light permeable protrusions to the reflection layer and is reflected to the reticle by the reflection layer.

A projector including a light source, a first prism, a second prism and a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) is provided. The light source emits light. The first prism includes a first surface, a second surface and a third surface which are connected to each other around the perimeter thereof, and the illumination light enters the first prism through the first surface. The second prism has a fourth surface and a fifth surface which are connected to each other, and the fourth surface faces the second surface of the first prism. The DMD faces the third surface. The illumination light sequentially passes through the first surface, is reflected by the second surface, passes through the third surface, and reaches the DMD. The DMD converts the illumination light into image light, and the image light sequentially passes through the third surface, the second surface, the fourth surface and the fifth surface. In the first prism, a first included angle between the first surface and the third surface is more than or equal to 105 degrees.

A stereoscopic image display device includes a flat panel display unit, a lens array unit, and a light guide structure unit. The light guide structure unit includes a light guide microstructure. The light guide microstructure is disposed on a side of the lens array unit. A bottom angle of the light guide microstructure is defined as B, and a bottom length of the light guide microstructure is defined as P. The bottom angle B and the bottom length P of the light guide microstructure satisfies following conditions: (i) 15.5 degrees≤B≤83.5 degrees; and (ii) 10 micrometers≤P≤2,000 micrometers, such that an oblique viewing angle of the stereoscopic image display device falls within a range from 10 degrees to 60 degrees.

A prism module manufacturing method includes the following steps of: adjusting a first prism and a second prism to have a predetermined temperature difference; using an adhesive layer to be partially connected between the first prism and the second prism so that there is a gap between the first prism and the second prism, wherein the adhesive layer includes a glue material and a plurality of spacers arranged in the glue material. The invention further provides a prism module and a projection device having the prism module. The prism module and the manufacturing method thereof of the invention avoid the interference problem in the prism module so that the image quality and reliability of the projection device can be improved.

Examples include a device including a nanovoided polymer element having a first surface and a second surface, a first plurality of electrodes disposed on the first surface, a second plurality of electrodes disposed on the second surface, and a control circuit configured to apply an electrical potential between one or more of the first plurality of electrodes and one or more of the second plurality of electrodes to induce a physical deformation of the nanovoided polymer element.