An aerodynamic nose cone capable of imaging through the nose cone is accomplished by forming the nose cone as an Afocal Axicon lens. Under a condition of RI≈cos(X)/cos(3X) where RI is an effective refractive index and X is a cone half angle of the solid right-circular cone. EMR incident on a front portion of the cone undergoes a total internal reflection (TIR) and exits a trailing surface of the cone with approximately the same parallelism with which it entered the cone. EMR incident behind the front portion of the cone that exits the trailing surface with different parallelism than it entered may be directed to a light dump or through a fustrum of a cone to re-establish the correct parallelism. The entire optical system may be monolithically integrated into the nose cone to eliminate alignment issues and moving parts.

There is provided a retroreflector device, comprising: an incident object made of a material transparent to electromagnetic radiation, the incident object designed to refract an incident ray hitting an incident surface to generate a refracted ray that hits a back surface, and a retroreflective surface positioned in proximity to the back surface of the incident object, wherein the retroreflective surface and the incident object are configured to refract the incident ray to generate the refracted ray for hitting the retroreflective surface at an angle of incidence below a threshold.

There is provided a retroreflector device, comprising: an incident object made of a material transparent to electromagnetic radiation, the incident object designed to refract an incident ray hitting an incident surface to generate a refracted ray that hits a back surface, and a retroreflective surface positioned in proximity to the back surface of the incident object, wherein the retroreflective surface and the incident object are configured to refract the incident ray to generate the refracted ray for hitting the retroreflective surface at an angle of incidence below a threshold.

A meta lens includes a first lens surface, and a second lens surface provided opposite to the first lens surface, wherein at least one of the first lens surface and the second lens surface is a metasurface including a plurality of nanostructures having a sub-wavelength dimension that is less than a central wavelength λ.sub.0 in an operation wavelength band of the meta lens, and wherein a deflection property of the first lens surface and a deflection property of the second lens surface based on positions of incident light are opposite to each other in at least some regions of each of the first lens surface and the second lens surface.

A meta lens includes a first lens surface, and a second lens surface provided opposite to the first lens surface, wherein at least one of the first lens surface and the second lens surface is a metasurface including a plurality of nanostructures having a sub-wavelength dimension that is less than a central wavelength λ.sub.0 in an operation wavelength band of the meta lens, and wherein a deflection property of the first lens surface and a deflection property of the second lens surface based on positions of incident light are opposite to each other in at least some regions of each of the first lens surface and the second lens surface.

A meta lens includes a first lens surface, and a second lens surface provided opposite to the first lens surface, wherein at least one of the first lens surface and the second lens surface is a metasurface including a plurality of nanostructures having a sub-wavelength dimension that is less than a central wavelength λ.sub.0 in an operation wavelength band of the meta lens, and wherein a deflection property of the first lens surface and a deflection property of the second lens surface based on positions of incident light are opposite to each other in at least some regions of each of the first lens surface and the second lens surface.

A meta lens includes a first lens surface, and a second lens surface provided opposite to the first lens surface, wherein at least one of the first lens surface and the second lens surface is a metasurface including a plurality of nanostructures having a sub-wavelength dimension that is less than a central wavelength λ.sub.0 in an operation wavelength band of the meta lens, and wherein a deflection property of the first lens surface and a deflection property of the second lens surface based on positions of incident light are opposite to each other in at least some regions of each of the first lens surface and the second lens surface.

The invention is directed to a target in the form of a super precision scan sphere that can be utilized in existing systems having smaller scan spheres. The present scan sphere has an interior chamber and can be placed over an existing sphere. A magnet in the interior chamber can be used to adhere the scan sphere to the smaller existing sphere.

To provide a position detection system, a position detection method, an angle detection method, and a marker that enable detection of a position, adjustment of a position, detection of an angle, and the like of a movable body with respect to a stationary body to be easily performed. Means for solving problem: A position detection system is a position detection system for detecting a position N of a movable body moving with respect to a stationary body, the position detection system including a light source provided in one of the stationary body and the movable body, an imaging unit provided in one of the stationary body and the movable body, a marker provided in the other of the stationary body and the movable body, and a position detecting unit configured to detect a position of the movable body with respect to the stationary body based on luminance of an image of the marker acquired by the imaging unit, wherein the marker includes a reflective layer, and a light control layer provided in the reflective layer, and the light control layer transmits light having an angle of incidence with respect to the main surface being within a predetermined threshold value.

An interactive object system includes an interactive object and a source of electromagnetic radiation, e.g., an external source. A power harvesting device of the interactive object receives and harvests power from the electromagnetic radiation to power a special effect system of the interactive object. In an embodiment, the interactive object includes a retroreflective material that reflects electromagnetic radiation, which may be of a same or different wavelength as the electromagnetic radiation from which power is harvested. The interactive object system detects the reflected electromagnetic radiation, which may be used to trigger one or more additional actions related to the interactive object.