An optical element (11) has an optical surface (20) with a diffraction structure (21). The optical surface (20) is curved such that a distance-to-diameter ratio between a distance A between a deepest point (T) and a highest point (H) and a largest diameter D is greater than 1/10. When producing the optical element (11), firstly a raw optical element having a raw optical surface to be provided with the diffraction structure (21) is provided. The raw optical surface is then coated with a photoresist with the aid of an isotropic deposition method and the photoresist is exposed and then developed. This results in a production method for an optical element with an optical surface having a diffraction structure, which method satisfies stringent requirements made of a structure accuracy when producing the diffraction structure.

A blazed diffractive optical element includes: a blazed diffraction grating pair that includes a first blazed member and a second blazed member and functions as a diffraction grating with the first blazed member and the second blazed member; and an interlayer that is positioned between the first blazed member and the second blazed member, in which in a case where a refractive index of the first blazed member is represented by Na, a refractive index of the interlayer is represented by N, and a refractive index of the second blazed member is represented by Nb, a magnitude relationship of Na>N>Nb is satisfied.

Provided an imaging apparatus including a first optical device, a second optical device disposed such that light transmitted through the first optical device is incident on the second optical device, and a third optical device disposed such that light transmitted through the second optical device is incident on the third optical device, wherein at least one of the first optical device, the second optical device, and the third optical device includes a plurality of nanostructures, and heights of at least two nanostructures of the plurality of nanostructures are different from each other.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide for systems and apparatus directed toward using a contact lens and deflection optics to process display information and non-display information. In one embodiment of the invention, a display panel assembly is provided, comprising: a transparent substrate that permits light to pass through substantially undistorted: a reflector disposed on the transparent substrate; and a display panel aimed toward the reflector and substantially away from a human visual system, wherein the reflector reflects light emitted from the display panel toward the human visual system. The reflector may comprise a narrow band reflector or a polarization reflector.

Diffractive optical elements and methods for their fabrication are disclosed. In one aspect, a diffractive optical element is disclosed, which comprises a polymeric substrate substantially transparent to at least one electromagnetic radiation wavelength, and a plurality of metallic inclusions distributed in said polymeric substrate according to a predefined pattern such that said inclusions can collectively diffract at least a portion of incident radiation having said at least one radiation wavelength.

A diffractive eye lens having a front side, a rear side and an optical main axis, wherein the front side and/or the rear side has a spherical, an aspherical, a spherical-toric or an aspherical-toric basic shape, and the front side and/or the rear side has a diffractive optical structure. The diffractive eye lens allows for color correction and simultaneously improves visual properties by reducing a halo. The diffractive optical structure in a first lens region is designed such that, at a design wavelength, there is a significant diffraction efficiency for a phase deviation between the first main sub-zones of more than one wavelength and, for the first lens region, On average over all diffraction zones, a proportion of the main sub-zones on the diffraction zones is for example at least 94%, at least 95% and at best nearly 100%.

A metalens and an optical system having the metalens. The metalens includes: a substrate capable of transmitting light in different wavelength bands; and a plurality of unit cells on the same surface of the substrate. The multiple unit cells are arranged in an array, the unit cells are regular hexagons and/or squares. A center position of each unit cell or each of the center position and vertex positions of each unit cell is provided with a nanostructure. The nanostructures are symmetrically arranged with respect to a first axis and a second axis respectively, and partial nanostructures obtained by dividing the nanostructures on the metalens along the first axis and the second axis are identical to each other. The first axis is perpendicular to the second axis, and both the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to a height direction of the nanostructures.

Apparatuses, systems and methods for providing improved ophthalmic lenses, particularly intraocular lenses (IOLs), include features for reducing adverse optical effects from diffractive profiles of such a lens. Exemplary ophthalmic lenses can include an optic including a diffractive profile including a transition zone having a parabolic shape.

Electromagnetic wave focusing devices and optical apparatuses including the same are provided. An electromagnetic wave focusing device may include a plurality of material members located at different distances from a reference point. The intervals and/or widths of the material members may vary with distance from the reference point. For example, the intervals and/or widths of the material members may increase or decrease with distance from the reference point. The intervals and/or widths of the material members may be controlled to satisfy a spatial coherence condition with the electromagnetic wave.

An eye tracking device for tracking an eye is described. The eye tracking device comprises: a first diffractive optical element, DOE, arranged in front of the eye, an image module, wherein the image module is configured to capture an image of the eye via the first DOE. The first DOE is adapted to direct a first portion of incident light reflected from the eye, towards the image module. The eye tracking device is characterized in that the first DOE is configured to provide a lens effect.