The present disclosure relates a GOA array substrate, a preparation method thereof and a liquid crystal display panel. The array substrate includes a substrate; a thin film transistor array layer disposed on the substrate; a color filter layer disposed on the thin film transistor array layer, wherein the color filter layer is provided with a via hole penetrating the color filter layer into the thin film transistor array layer, a surface of the color filter layer is further provided with a vent hole; a second protective layer disposed on the color filter layer; a transparent conductive layer disposed on the via hole and the second protective layer; and a cover layer disposed on the vent hole and the second protective layer. The vent hole provided with a cover layer can prevent the gas remaining in the color filter layer from encountering the influence of high temperature or high pressure.

A method for optical microscopy, including using a first laser beam to excite dye particles in a sample region with light having a first wavelength. A second laser beam with a second wavelength based on the emission spectrum of the excited particles is used to de-excite the excited particles. The first and second beams have first and second respective intensity distributions which are spatially different when co-aligned; the second profile has a minimum where the first has a maximum. The region is once concurrently illuminated with the first and second beams, and an emission signal is detected. For each scanning point, the region is illuminated also with a pulse of the second laser beam or continuously prior to or after illuminating the region of the sample concurrently with both lasers. The illumination with only the second laser beam defines a background signal that is subtracted from the emission signal.

An exemplary gas cell is adapted to provide wavelength stability to a coherent beam of light. An optic fiber is wound in a plurality winding turns where the optic fiber transports the coherent beam of light from an input fiber end to an output fiber end. An encapsulating material engages and holds the windings in a fixed structure. A plurality of slots define severed portions of the optic fiber windings generally transverse to the windings and portions of the encapsulating material so that the optic fiber is divided into a plurality of end to end segments with open space filling the slots between respective facing ends of the severed optic fibers. A wavelength reference gas is disposed within the open space of the slots so that the beam of light passes from the input fiber end through respective facing ends of the optic fiber segments and wavelength reference gas in the corresponding slots to traverse a path through the plurality of winding turns to the output fiber end.

Multi-spectral methods and systems for the day and night remote sensing (detection, identification, and quantification) of greenhouse gas emission sources from space are provided. The sensor system includes a telescope assembly that passively collects light from an observation area and directs that light through spectral, optical filters and to a sensor array having a plurality of rows and columns of pixels. Different groups of sensor array pixel rows are aligned to receive light that has passed through different optical filters. The filters have passbands corresponding to the reflective and emissive bands of gases of interest, as well as associated reflective and emissive reference bands, and broadband spectral bands. A set of image data frames is obtained as the field of view of the sensor system moves over an observation area and an aggregate image showing locations of detected gas emissions is generated using the collected data.

A phosphor protection film for protecting phosphors contained in a phosphor layer. The phosphor protection film includes a functional layer, a bulking layer that has a single-layer structure or a laminated structure, and a first vapor deposited layer (gas barrier layer) that has gas barrier properties in this order from outside to inside. The clearance between the functional layer and the first vapor deposited layer in the thickness direction of the phosphor protection film is 45 to 280 ?m.

Multi-spectral methods and systems for the day and night remote sensing (detection, identification, and quantification) of greenhouse gas emission sources from space are provided. The sensor system includes a telescope assembly that passively collects light from an observation area and directs that light through spectral, optical filters and to a sensor array having a plurality of rows and columns of pixels. Different groups of sensor array pixel rows are aligned to receive light that has passed through different optical filters. The filters have passbands corresponding to the reflective and emissive bands of gases of interest, as well as associated reflective and emissive reference bands, and broadband spectral bands. A set of image data frames is obtained as the field of view of the sensor system moves over an observation area and an aggregate image showing locations of detected gas emissions is generated using the collected data.

According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an atomic clock and methods of forming and/or using an atomic clock are disclosed. In one embodiment, an atomic clock includes: a light source configured to illuminate a resonance vapor cell; a narrowband optical filter disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and arranged such that light emitted from the light source passes through the narrowband optical filter and illuminates the resonance vapor cell. The resonance vapor cell is configured to emit a signal corresponding to a hyperfine transition frequency in response to illumination from the light source, and a filter cell is disposed between the light source and the resonance vapor cell and configured to generate optical pumping. An optical detector is configured to detect the emitted signal corresponding to the hyperfine transition frequency.

Multi-spectral methods and systems for the day and night remote sensing (detection, identification, and quantification) of greenhouse gas emission sources from space are provided. The sensor system includes a telescope assembly that passively collects light from an observation area and directs that light through spectral, optical filters and to a sensor array having a plurality of rows and columns of pixels. Different groups of sensor array pixel rows are aligned to receive light that has passed through different optical filters. The filters have passbands corresponding to the reflective and emissive bands of gases of interest, as well as associated reflective and emissive reference bands, and broadband spectral bands. A set of image data frames is obtained as the field of view of the sensor system moves over an observation area and an aggregate image showing locations of detected gas emissions is generated using the collected data.

An image sensor includes a sensor substrate including a plurality of pixels sensing incident light, a nano-optical micro-lens array including a plurality of nano-optical micro-lenses respectively corresponding to the plurality of pixels, and a color filter array disposed between the sensor substrate and the nano-optical micro-lens array and including a plurality of color filters. Each of the plurality of nano-optical micro-lenses includes a plurality of nanostructures to condense the incident light onto a corresponding pixel, and when viewed in a cross-section of the nano-optical micro-lens array, a fill factor denotes a ratio of an area of the nanostructures arranged within a reference circle among the plurality of nanostructures included in one of the plurality of nano-optical micro-lenses, and the reference has a pixel size corresponding to the one nano-optical micro-lens as a diameter, the fill factor is greater than or equal to 95%.

A color control member includes a light control layer including quantum dots, a color filter layer disposed on the light control layer, and a low refractive layer disposed between the color filter layer and the light control layer. The low refractive layer includes a base resin, a plurality of non-hollow inorganic particles dispersed in the base resin and of which inner portions are filled. A weight percent of the base resin is in a range of about 40 wt % to about 45 wt % with respect to a total weight of the low refractive layer, and a weight percent of the non-hollow inorganic particles is in a range of about 40 wt % to about 45 wt % with respect to the total weight of the low refractive layer. The color control member including the low refractive layer has excellent reliability.