Provided is a polarization spectral filter, including: a first reflector and a second reflector disposed to face each other in a first direction; and a grating layer disposed between the first reflector and the second reflector. The grating layer includes a plurality of first grating elements and a plurality of second grating elements, the plurality of first grating elements and the plurality of second grating elements being alternately arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The plurality of first grating elements include a first dielectric material having a first refractive index. The plurality of second grating elements include a second dielectric material having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.

A polarizing plate including a polarizer, and a protective film layer formed on at least one surface of the polarizer, wherein the protective film layer is formed of a protective resin having a volatile component content of 0.03% by weight or less, and a thickness d of the protective film layer satisfies the formula (1): 0.01 μm≤d≤0.5 μm (1).

An antenna and an electronic device are provided. The antenna includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a dielectric layer, a ground layer and a radiation layer. The second substrate faces to the first substrate. The dielectric layer is between the first substrate and the second substrate. The ground layer is on a first surface of the first substrate. The radiation layer is on a second surface of the second substrate, and the second surface of the second substrate and the first surface of the first substrate face each other. The ground layer and the radiation layer each include a wire grid polarizer structure.

A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include an array of support-ribs on a substrate. Sides of the support-ribs can be inclined to one side. A wire can be applied on an upper-side and distal end of each support-rib, each wire being separate from wires on adjacent support-ribs. The WGP can be made with reduced or no etching.

An optical device can comprise wires 12 on a face of a substrate 11, with channel(s) 13 between adjacent wires 12. Each wire 12 can include embedded organic moieties. Each wire 12 can include multiple ribs 31. Part or all of the wire 12, the substrate 11, or both can have a high refractive index n and a low extinction coefficient k. The optical device can have reduced separation of layers of different materials during flexing and temperature changes. The optical device can be manufactured by a method designed for improved manufacturability.

The present invention provides an optical film exhibiting high alignment and good phase difference development in an oblique direction, and a polarizing plate and an image display device using the same. This optical film of the present invention has a substrate; and a phase difference layer which is provided on the substrate to be adjacent to the substrate, in which the phase difference layer is a layer formed by fixing vertical alignment of a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group included in a liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound and a polymer compound, a difference in a value between the polymer compound and the substrate, which is calculated using three-dimensional SP values, is 3 or less, and a content of the polymer compound is less than 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal compound.

Compound dichroic polarizers (CDPs) include multiple component dichroic polarizers based on different dichroic dyes and oriented to have different eigenpolarization directions. The component dichroic polarizers can be fixed to each other or to a substrate such as an eyeglass lens. Selection of eigenpolarization orientation and spectrum in a CDP permits color encoding of different SOPs.

A polarization-sensitive photonic splitter may include a lower cladding layer and a device layer formed from a first waveguide supporting TE and TM light, a second waveguide, a third waveguide, and a transition core. The first waveguide core and the second waveguide core are formed from one of a first core structure or a second core structure, and the third waveguide is formed from the other structure. The first core structure has an index of refraction n.sub.M. The second core structure is formed as alternating layers providing an effective index of refraction for TE light n.sub.TE and an effective index of refraction for TM light n.sub.TM, where n.sub.TM<n.sub.M<n.sub.TE. The transition core is formed from the first core structure adjacent to the second core structure and is coupled to the first transition core at one and the second and third transition cores at the other end.

A photonic device may include a lower cladding layer and a device layer. The device layer may include a first waveguide supporting TE and TM light, and a second waveguide, where a portion of a second waveguide core is proximate to a first waveguide core to provide evanescent coupling. The first waveguide core is formed from one of a first core structure or a second core structure, and the second waveguide core is formed from the other structure. The first core structure has an index of refraction n.sub.M. The second core structure is formed as alternating layers providing an effective index of refraction for TE polarized light n.sub.TE and an effective index of refraction for TM polarized light n.sub.TM, where n.sub.TM<n.sub.M<n.sub.TE such that one of TM or TE light is preferentially evanescently coupled between the first waveguide and the second waveguide.

Provided is a wire grid polarization plate that has heat resistance and excellent polarization properties, and has durability even in a thin wire structure with a small pitch, and an optical apparatus and a manufacturing method of a polarization plate. A periodic lamellar structure is formed with a material forming arrangement by self-assembling performance, and then, is metallized, and thus, metal wires arranged at a small pitch are prepared, and the obtained wires are fixed by a dielectric material.