The present disclosure is directed to a method of forming a polarization grating structure (e.g., polarizer) as part of a grid structure of a back side illuminated image sensor device. For example, the method includes forming a layer stack over a semiconductor layer with radiation-sensing regions. Further, the method includes forming grating elements of one or more polarization grating structures within a grid structure, where forming the grating elements includes (i) etching the layer stack to form the grid structure and (ii) etching the layer stack to form grating elements oriented to a polarization angle.

An antenna and an electronic device are provided. The antenna includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a dielectric layer, a ground layer and a radiation layer. The second substrate faces to the first substrate. The dielectric layer is between the first substrate and the second substrate. The ground layer is on a first surface of the first substrate. The radiation layer is on a second surface of the second substrate, and the second surface of the second substrate and the first surface of the first substrate face each other. The ground layer and the radiation layer each include a wire grid polarizer structure.

A circularly polarizing plate includes: a first retardation layer having negative refractive index anisotropy; a second retardation layer having positive refractive index anisotropy; and a linear polarizer, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer being disposed such that their optical axes are parallel to each other, the first retardation layer providing an in-plane retardation whose absolute value is |R1()| to light having a wavelength of nm, the second retardation layer providing an in-plane retardation whose absolute value is |R2()| to light having a wavelength of nm, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer satisfying the following formulas (1) to (4):

|R1(450)|>|R1(550)|>|R1(650)|(1)

|R2(550)|>|R1(550)|(2)

|R2(550)||R1(550)|>|R2(450)||R1(450)|(3)

|R2(650)||R1(650)|>|R2(550)||R1(550)|(4)

The present disclosure is directed to a method of forming a polarization grating structure (e.g., polarizer) as part of a grid structure of a back side illuminated image sensor device. For example, the method includes forming a layer stack over a semiconductor layer with radiation-sensing regions. Further, the method includes forming grating elements of one or more polarization grating structures within a grid structure, where forming the grating elements includes (i) etching the layer stack to form the grid structure and (ii) etching the layer stack to form grating elements oriented to a polarization angle.

A photonic device has a polarization-dependent region and a device layer including a first cladding film, a second cladding film, and a core film. The core film includes one of (1) a material having an index n.sub.M and (2) alternating layers of a first material having a first index and second material having a second index. The alternating layers have an effective index for TE polarized light n.sub.TE and an effective index for TM polarized light n.sub.TM. Each of the first cladding film and the second cladding film include the other of (1) the material having the index of refraction n.sub.M and (2) the alternating layers n.sub.TM<n.sub.M<n.sub.TE, and the indices of the upper cladding and the lower cladding are less than n.sub.TM, n.sub.M and n.sub.TE. A polarizer, polarizing beam splitter and coupler using clipped coupling can employ the material having an index n.sub.M and the alternating layers.

An organic light emitting device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels and a circular polarizing plate disposed opposite to the display panel, where the circular polarizing plate has a plurality of retardations corresponding to the pixels of the display panel. A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device includes preparing a display panel including a plurality of pixels, preparing a circular polarizing plate having a plurality of retardations, and assembling the display panel and the circular polarizing plate, where the display panel and the circular polarizing plate are assembled so that the retardations of the circular polarizing plate respectively correspond to the pixels of the display panel.

The present invention provides an optical film exhibiting high alignment and good phase difference development in an oblique direction, and a polarizing plate and an image display device using the same. This optical film of the present invention has a substrate; and a phase difference layer which is provided on the substrate to be adjacent to the substrate, in which the phase difference layer is a layer formed by fixing vertical alignment of a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group included in a liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound and a polymer compound, a difference in ?a value between the polymer compound and the substrate, which is calculated using three-dimensional SP values, is 3 or less, and a content of the polymer compound is less than 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal compound.

Provided is an organic light emitting display device. The organic light emitting display device comprises a display panel; and an optical laminate disposed on the display panel and including a multi-functional layer. The multi-functional layer contains a liquid crystal mixture including a liquid crystal compound and two or more types of dichroic dyes, below the multi-functional layer, the liquid crystal compound is contained, but the two or more types of dichroic dyes are not included and above the multi-functional layer, the two or more types of dichroic layers are contained.

The present disclosure relates to a display device. A display device includes a display panel including a display area and a non-display area, a polarization layer disposed on the display panel, and a light control layer. The polarization layer has a light transmission axis extending in a first direction. The light control layer includes a light-transmissive portion overlapping the display area of the display panel and a light-blocking portion overlapping the non-display area of the display panel. The light-blocking portion has a light transmission axis extending in a second direction different from the first direction.

A polarizing filter intended to be arranged in front of an image sensor including a plurality of pixels, the filter including, for each pixel, a polarizing structure including a plurality of parallel metal bars, each bar being coated with an absorbing stack including: a tungsten layer; a silicon layer, coating the tungsten layer; and a dielectric layer, coating the silicon layer.