A polymer being a product of reactants including a diamine and a monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001##
wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, o, p, L.sup.1, A.sup.1, R.sup.a, m, and n are the same as defined in the detailed description.

A compound retarder that creates independent control of R.sub.e and R.sub.th. This can be done by forming a three-layer compound retarder, including a pair of matched −A-plates, combined with single +A-plate. The +A-plate is typically an MD-stretched film, with retardation that is specific to the in-plane requirements (R.sub.e) of the application. The pair of −A-plates have their optic axes crossed, such that R.sub.e=0, with an optic axis aligned parallel to the +A-plate. A single retardation value for the −A-plate can produce improved field-of-view performance over a broad range of R.sub.e values, making it a very practical means of universal compensation. While R.sub.th is typically associated with a single retarder, retarder stacks with a diverse range of optic-axis orientations can be considered to have a compound (or composite) R.sub.th value (R.sub.th.sup.c). The three-layer compound retarder has the practical benefit of enabling field-of-view compensation across a broad range of normal-incidence polarization transformations.

An integrated touch module and a touch display device are provided. The integrated touch module has a touch sensing structure formed on a polymer film. The polymer film, a liquid crystal phase retardation layer, and a linear polarizing layer constitute a circular polarizing element. The average reflectance of the circular polarizing element in the visible light range is less than 5%, and the standard deviation of the reflectance is less than 0.2%. The touch display device includes the integrated touch module.

Provided is a polymerizable liquid crystal composition used for formation of an optically anisotropic film having excellent durability, an optically anisotropic film, an optical film, a polarizing plate, and an image display device. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition contains a polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by Formula (1) and an acidic compound, in which a pKa of the acidic compound is more than −10 and 5 or less, and a content of the acidic compound is 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. ##STR00001##

Polarization-based optical angle-filters disclosed herein can be engineered to transmit a prescribed amount of light as a function of incidence angle and azimuth. Such filters can transmit light without introducing artifacts, making them suitable for the image-path of an optical system. One example may include an angle-filter having an input circular polarizer, an analyzing circular polarizer, and a retarder positioned between the circular polarizers, the retarder having a thickness-direction retardation. The thickness-direction retardation of the retarder (R.sub.th) is selected to produce a prescribed angle-of-incidence dependent transmission function, and the circular polarizers reduce the amount of azimuth-dependence in the transmission function.

A laser light source depolarizer includes a laser light source, a light angle adjusting element, a birefringent crystal, and an integration rod. The laser light source is configured to emit a laser light. The light angle adjusting element is configured to change the diffusion angle of the laser light. The light angle adjusting element is disposed between the laser light source and the birefringent crystal. The birefringent crystal is disposed between the light angle adjusting element and the integration rod, and the birefringent crystal is configured to break the polarity of the laser light.

An optical proximity sensor system to detect a distance to a target object is provided. The optical proximity sensor system includes a laser that generates an emitted optical beam at a linear polarization and an optical cavity system that includes an optical cavity defined by a distance between the laser and the target object. The target object reflects the emitted optical beam to generate a reflected optical beam. A partially reflective mirror diverts a portion of the emitted optical beam and/or the reflected optical beam. A photodetector receives the diverted optical beam and generates a proximity signal that has a frequency that is indicative of the distance to the target object based on the diverted portion of the at least one of the emitted optical beam and the reflected optical beam. A proximity processor calculates the distance to the target object based on the frequency of the proximity signal.

A display device includes a directional illuminator providing a light beam, a display panel downstream of a directional illuminator, for receiving and spatially modulating the light beam, and a beam redirecting module downstream of the display panel, for variably redirecting the spatially modulated light beam. Steering the illuminating light by the beam redirecting module enables one to steer the exit pupil of the display device to match the user's eye location(s).

A polarizing plate includes a polarizing layer over a base material, an inorganic insulation layer over the polarizing layer, and a water-resistant layer over the inorganic insulation layer, where the water-resistant layer covers sidewalls of the polarizing layer and sidewalls of the inorganic insulation layer, when the base material is viewed from a top plan view.

An optical system includes a display system including a display having first and second display pixels interspersed with each other across the display. The first and second display pixels emit superimposed different respective first and second images polarized along the first direction. The display system includes a patterned retarder having pluralities of first and second retarder pixels aligned and registered with the respective first and second display pixels in one-to-one correspondence. The first retarder pixels are configured to receive and transmit the first emitted image as the first output image polarized along the first direction. The second retarder pixels are configured to receive, change the polarization direction, and transmit the second emitted image as the second output image polarized along the second direction. A reflective polarizer is configured to receive the first and second output images and substantially transmit the first output image and substantially reflect the second output image.