An optical sensing module for an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes an opaque layer and an aperture formed on the opaque layer, wherein the optical sensing module includes an optical sensor; a light guide element, disposed between the opaque layer and the optical sensor and configured to guide light to the optical sensor through the aperture; and a diffusing layer, disposed between the opaque layer and the light guide element, configured to diffuse the light to the light guide element.

A light-receiving device includes: a light guide plate of a transparent member having a first surface and a second surface as principal surfaces opposed to each other and an emission surface formed on at least one end of the transparent member; a lens sheet having lenses and is disposed opposite to the first surface; a support member that supports the lens sheet such that a distance between the principal surface of the lens sheet and the second surface is equal to the focal distance of the lenses; a directional light-guide layer that is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate and guides, toward the emission surface, the travel direction of an optical signal entering the light guide plate; and a receiver that receives the optical signal emitted from the emission surface of the light guide plate and converts the received optical signal into an electric signal.

A backlight unit includes a light guide plate; a light source provided on a side surface of the light guide plate, and configured to inject light into the light guide plate; a circular polarizing reflective layer provided on a front surface of the light guide plate, and configured to reflect a first polarizing component and transmit a second polarizing component among components of light emitted from the light guide plate; and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer provided on the front surface of the circular polarizing reflective layer and including a plurality of regions, and configured to reflect or transmit the second polarizing component that has passed through the circular polarizing reflective layer according to a voltage applied to each of the plurality of regions.

Provided are an optical laminate where the occurrence of crosstalk can be suppressed and the occurrence of multiple images can be suppressed, a light guide element, and an image display apparatus. The optical laminate includes: a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer that are obtained by immobilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase and have a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from a liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in at least one in-plane direction, in the first and second cholesteric liquid crystal layers, turning directions of circularly polarized light to be reflected are opposite to each other, helical pitches P.sub.1 and P.sub.2 of the first and second cholesteric liquid crystal layers satisfy P.sub.1<P.sub.2, rotation directions of the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound that continuously rotates in one in-plane direction in the liquid crystal alignment pattern are opposite to each other, and lengths Λ.sub.1 and Λ.sub.2 of the single periods of the first and second cholesteric liquid crystal layers satisfy Λ.sub.1<Λ.sub.2.

A surface-relief structure comprises a surface-relief grating including a first material characterized by a first refractive index, a first layer of a second material having a second refractive index conformally deposited on surfaces of the surface-relief grating, and a second layer of a third material having a third refractive index conformally deposited on the first layer. The effective refractive index of the combination of the first layer and the second layer is less than, equal to, or greater than the first refractive index, thereby increasing the duty cycle and/or modifying the overall refractive index of the surface-relief structure. The first layer and the second layer are deposited using, for example, atomic layer deposition techniques.

An electronic device such as a wearable device may have a light guide system. The light guide system may have one or more light guide members. The light guide members may be formed from transparent elastomeric material such as silicone or other flexible material. Light sources such as light-emitting diodes and/or lasers may be used to supply light to the light guide members. The light guide members may have light-scattering structures that are configured to scatter light out of the light guide members at one or more locations along the lengths of the light guide members. Optical isolation layers such as coatings of white polymer or other flexible structures may be used to help confine light within the light guide members. A detector may be coupled to a light guide to detect light guide deformation due to contact with an external object.

An illumination device suppresses a variation in color tone caused by a difference in optical path length from a light source without requiring a complicated manufacturing process. The illumination device includes: a single light source emitting monochromatic light; a light guide body transmitting the light emitted from the light source; a plurality of light emitting portions provided at positions having different optical path lengths from the light source, respectively, to transmit the light; and color conversion layers disposed between the light emitting portions and the light guide body to convert a color of the light transmitted through the light guide body.

A photonic integrated circuit assembly generates light for use in a display system or a depth sensing system. The photonic integrated circuit assembly includes optical conditioning elements integrated into a photonic integrated circuit. The photonic integrated circuit includes one or more light sources on the photonic integrated circuit. The photonic integrated circuit includes a waveguide and one or more gratings located in a core of the photonic integrated circuit. The gratings may collimate and/or collocate light emitted by the light source. The photonic integrated circuit may include a beam shaping element integrated into the photonic integrated circuit. A MEMS scanner may use the collocated and/or collimated light emitted by the photonic integrated circuit to generate a display for a user or to generate a structured light pattern for use in a depth sensing system.

A light engine includes multiple laser diodes, each configured to emit laser light, and a light source unit having multiple channels, each of the channels is associated with one of the laser diodes and configured to transmit the laser light emitted from the corresponding laser diode. The channels may be, for example, fiber optic strands or optical pathways within a channeled lightguide. The light engine further includes a ferrule coupled to the light source unit and configured to receive the laser light from the light source unit and to output a collimated beam of laser light comprising each wavelength of laser light emitted by the laser diodes.

It is provided the wearable electronic device including a skeletal member comprising a temple, a frame, and a bridge; a display fixed to the temple and configured to output visible light corresponding to a virtual image; a beam steering member comprising a liquid crystal and configured to adjust a direction of the visible light traveling from an exit pupil of the display to an input grating of an optical waveguide using the liquid crystal; the optical waveguide configured to adjust a path of the visible light and output the virtual image; an infrared output unit configured to output infrared light for tracking a gaze of a user; an infrared sensor configured to detect infrared light reflected from a pupil of the user; a bend sensor connected to the temple and the frame to measure a first bending state between the temple and the frame.