An exposure apparatus is provided. An illumination optical system in the apparatus includes a diffraction optical element, a condensing optical system a detector that detects a light beam that exited from the condensing optical system, and a first diaphragm that can be inserted/removed in/from a position near a predetermined plane in an optical path where the condensing optical system condenses a light beam. The first diaphragm has an opening diameter such that an output of the detector decreases when an incident angle of light from a light source on the diffraction optical element deviates from a target angle. Based on an output of the detector when the first diaphragm is inserted in the position and an output of the detector when the first diaphragm is retracted from the position, a controller performs a process of adjusting the incident angle.

In a lens plate (18) for an optical sensor device in a vehicle, in particular for a rain sensor, with a transmitter-side lens structure (26) and a receiver-side lens structure (32), the transmitter-side lens structure (26) partially is provided with anti-transmission features which in individual regions of the lens plate (18) partially or completely prevent the passage of the light emitted by a light transmitter (14).

A flow cytometer includes a flow nozzle, a light source, an optics system, and a sensor analyzer. The flow nozzle provides a fluid along a flow path. The light source generates a light beam that illuminates the fluid. The optics system collects light rays that are radiated from the light beam by the fluid and passes or blocks the light rays based at least in part on the radiation angles associated with the light rays.

A system includes: an illumination device; and an imaging device configured to capture an image of a target which is irradiated with light by the illumination device. The illumination device includes: a light emitting unit configured to emit first polarized light; a condensing unit configured to focus light emitted from the light emitting unit; a diffusion unit configured to diffuse the light focused by the condensing unit; and a uniformization optical system configured to receive the light diffused by the diffusion unit, uniformize an illuminance distribution of the light, and emit the light. The system further comprising including a selective transmission unit provided on an optical path from the target to an imaging element of the imaging device and configured to block the first polarized light at a predetermined blocking ratio.

Various embodiments disclosed herein include adaptive light source modules that can provide adaptive illumination to a scene. The adaptive light source modules may comprise a housing, an emitter array, and a lens. The emitter array comprises a plurality of emitters. The lens may redirect light emitted from the emitter array through a transparent window of the housing. The housing may further include a prismatic surface that distorts light emitted from the emitter array and/or one or more non-transparent portions that limits light travelling therethrough. The adaptive light source module may optionally comprise a light sensor, and a portion of the lens may be configured to direct light toward the light sensor.

An omnidirectional lens is disclosed of the type which captures light from virtually all angles of incidence, and also emits light in all directions. Embodiments are specifically disclosed as a two-way lens that receives light beams from all directions of the compass and directs those light beams to a photosensor. The same two-way lens acts in a beacon mode to produce light beams from one or more LEDs, and to emit such light beams (again) in all directions of the compass. The emitted light beams can also be used to signal various functions as visible signals to users on a jobsite.

An illumination assembly is provided for use with a light source and an illumination target. A first light collector can be disposed to receive and direct light from the light source. A first diffuser can be disposed at least partly between the first light collector and the illumination target. The first diffuser can be configured to diffuse at least part of the light directed by the first light collector to provide a first illumination pattern on the illumination target.

An automated system for acquiring images of one or more capillaries in a capillary bed includes a platform for receiving a body portion of a subject, an imaging subsystem having a repositionable field of view and coupled to the platform to acquire images of at least a capillary bed of the body portion and a controller communicably coupled to the imaging subsystem to automatically reposition the field of view of the imaging subsystem to different areas of the capillary bed, and at each field of view within the capillary bed, activate the imaging subsystem to acquire images of one or more capillaries in the capillary bed.

An encoder head configured for use with a lithographic exposure tool. The head is devoid of the multiplicity of optical corner-cubes and includes, instead, a single, geometrically substantially perfect cuboid of optically-isotropic material complemented, in operation, with a birefringent lens to form a contraption that, as a unit, splits a single beam of light delivered to the contraption into four measurement (sub-)beams of light (two in xz-plane, two in yz-plane) and causes each of measurement sub-beams to interact with the wafer-stage diffraction grating at the same location twice: upon the first pass by the grating and upon the second pass by the grating. The use of the contraption solves problems of (i) structural complexity of a conventional encoder head for use in an exposure tool, (ii) burdensome alignment of the multitude of optical prisms in the process of forming such encoder head, and (iii) cyclic non-linear errors associated with measurements involving conventional corner-cubes-based encoder heads while, at the same time, reducing the geometrical footprint of the encoder head. The contraption is complemented with a birefringent prismatic element positioned across the axis of the contraption between the cuboid and the birefringent lens.

An omnidirectional lens is disclosed of the type which captures light from virtually all angles of incidence, and also emits light in all directions. Embodiments are specifically disclosed as a two-way lens that receives light beams from all directions of the compass and directs those light beams to a photosensor. The same two-way lens acts in a beacon mode to produce light beams from one or more LEDs, and to emit such light beams (again) in all directions of the compass. The emitted light beams can also be used to signal various functions as visible signals to users on a jobsite.