Imaging arrangements and barcode readers including such imaging arrangements. An imaging arrangement for use in a barcode reader includes a housing. The imaging arrangement also includes a light source configured to emit light along a central light axis. The light source is disposed in the housing. The imaging arrangement also includes a lens having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The lens is disposed in the housing. The first surface is configured to face the light source and is structured to substantially collimate light received from the light source into a collimated beam. The second surface includes surface structures structured to generate a patterned beam in response to receiving the collimated beam.

A disinfection device includes: a container having a wall that defines a chamber for containing liquid therein; and a light source for transmitting disinfection light to the liquid. The light source is in a spatial relationship with the container so that a distance between the light source and the first light receiving surface of the liquid remains unchanged regardless of a volume of the liquid.

Provided are an optical cavity 100 for a gas sensor which has a space therein and a gas sensor using the optical cavity, in which in the space of the optical cavity 100, an elliptical reflective surface 133, which constitutes a part of an ellipse (133, 133a) and reflects the light emitted from a position of one focal point F.sub.1 of the ellipse to concentrate the light on the other focal point F.sub.2 of the ellipse, is formed, a hyperbolic reflective surface, which constitutes a part of a hyperbola (135a, 135b) having one focal point that coincides with the other focal point of the ellipse, and reflects the light, which is reflected by the elliptical reflective surface and concentrated on the other focal point of the ellipse, to concentrate the light on the other focal point f.sub.2 of the hyperbola, is formed, and a hyperbola centerline B-B, which connects one focal point of the hyperbola and the other focal point of the hyperbola, is inclined toward a side opposite to the elliptical reflective surface by a predetermined angle with respect to an ellipse centerline A-A which connects one focal point of the ellipse and the other focal point of the ellipse.

An encoder head configured for use with a lithographic exposure tool. The head is devoid of the multiplicity of optical corner-cubes and includes, instead, a single, geometrically substantially perfect cuboid of optically-isotropic material complemented, in operation, with a birefringent lens to form a contraption that, as a unit, splits a single beam of light delivered to the contraption into four measurement (sub-)beams of light (two in xz-plane, two in yz-plane) and causes each of measurement sub-beams to interact with the wafer-stage diffraction grating at the same location twice: upon the first pass by the grating and upon the second pass by the grating. The use of the contraption solves problems of (i) structural complexity of a conventional encoder head for use in an exposure tool, (ii) burdensome alignment of the multitude of optical prisms in the process of forming such encoder head, and (iii) cyclic non-linear errors associated with measurements involving conventional corner-cubes-based encoder heads while, at the same time, reducing the geometrical footprint of the encoder head. The contraption is complemented with a birefringent prismatic element positioned across the axis of the contraption between the cuboid and the birefringent lens.

An optical numerical computation device relates light from a plurality of light sources to calculate an arithmetic solution. The optical numerical computation device includes input circuitry, pre-calculation circuitry, calculation circuitry, a light collection cavity, and a plurality of light computation components. The pre-calculation circuitry and calculation circuitry cause light sources to emit light representing the values of input operands, which is subsequently related within the light collection cavity. Sensors then generate resultant outputs at values indicative of the sensed light value. The respective wavelength of light emitted from or sensed by each light computation component may be associated with an operand arithmetic sign.

Disclosed herein is a ladar system that includes a ladar transmitter, ladar receiver, and camera, where the camera that is co-bore sited with the ladar receiver, the camera configured to generate image data corresponding to a field of view for the ladar receiver. In an example embodiment, a mirror can be included in the optical path between a lens and photodetector in the ladar receiver, where the mirror (1) directs light within the light from the lens that corresponds to a first light spectrum in a first direction for reception by the camera and (2) directs light within the light from the lens that corresponds to a second light spectrum in a second direction for reception by the photodetector, wherein the second light spectrum includes ladar pulse reflections for processing by the ladar system.

A ladar transmitter that transmits ladar pulses toward a plurality of range points in a field of view can be controlled to target range points based on any of a plurality of defined shot list frames. Each defined shot list frame can identify various coordinates in the field of view that are to be targeted by a ladar pulses for a given ladar frame. A processor can process data about the field of view such as range data and/or camera data to make selections as to which of the defined shot list frames should be selected for a given frame of ladar data.

Systems and methods are disclosed for vehicle motion planning where a sensor, such as a ladar system, is used to detect threatening or anomalous conditions within the sensor's field of view so that priority warning data about such conditions can be inserted at low latency into the motion planning loop of a motion planning computer system for the vehicle. The ladar system can perform compressive sensing to target the field of view with a plurality of ladar pulses.

A photoelectric sensor includes a lens mounted to a light projecting element at a position that opposes a light projecting lens and configured such that the curvature in the direction perpendicular to a straight line passing through the center of the light projecting lens and the center of the light receiving lens is greater than the curvature in the direction parallel to the straight line passing through the center of the light projecting lens and the center of the light receiving lens.

A communication device for a vehicle which can transmit information in the form of light signals to other road users, wherein the communication device has at least one light source from which light emerges when operating the communication device, and controllable light influencer which selectively deflect or reflect or shade at least a portion of the light emanating from the at least one light source such that the at least one portion of the light exits the communication device as a light signal, or wherein the communication device comprises an array of light sources that can selectively generate light that at least partially emerges as a light signal from the communication device.