Provided is an apparatus for controlling a laser light propagation direction, including: a substrate configured to transmit at least a wavelength range of a laser light incident on the apparatus and deflected; and a metasurface disposed on the substrate, and comprising a plurality of nano-antennas, wherein each of the plurality of nano-antennas may include: a first contact and a second contact that are disposed apart from each other, and comprise an electrically conductive material to transmit at least the wavelength range of the laser light; and a semiconductor p-i-n heterostructure that disposed between the first contact and the second contact and comprises a p-region, an i-region and an n-region, which are disposed in parallel to the substrate.

An optical device may include at least one optical fiber, and a phase change material (PCM) layer on the at least one optical fiber. The PCM layer may include Ge.sub.xSe.sub.y, where x is in a range of 20-40, and y is in a range of 60-80.

Photonic pigments are disclosed, which include a plurality of magnetic nanorods assembled into tetragonal colloidal crystals.

We provide plasmonic structures having optical responses that are sensitive to mechanical input(s). Such plasmon resonances can be made sufficiently sensitive to deformation to enable this approach. These structures can be used in active devices, such as an optical metasurface controlled by one or more acoustic inputs, or in passive devices such as an acoustic sensor or mechanical force sensor.

An optical device (100) for forming a distribution of a three-dimensional light field comprises: an array (102) of unit cells (104), a unit cell (104) being individually addressable for switching the optical property of the unit cell (104) between a first and a second condition; wherein the unit cells (104) are configured to be selectively active or inactive and wherein the array (102) comprises at least a first and a second disjoint subset (110; 112; 114; 116), and wherein the unit cells (104) in a subset (110; 112; 114; 116) are configured to be jointly switched from inactive to active, wherein the active unit cells (104) are configured to interact with an incident light beam (106) for forming the distribution of the three-dimensional light field; and wherein the optical device (100) is configured to address inactive unit cells (104) for switching the optical property of unit cells (104).

The present invention relates to a display device using a two-dimensional phase transition material including: a substrate; a metal layer formed on the substrate; an insulation layer formed on the metal layer; a transparent electrode layer formed on the insulation layer; a light absorption layer formed on the transparent electrode layer and formed of a phase transition material; and a passivation layer formed on the light absorption layer, wherein the light absorption layer undergoes reversible phase transition depending on any of temperature, magnetic field and electric field.

Provided herein is a phase change material for use in a display device. Also provided is a display device comprising a phase change material; the use of a phase change material as an optical absorber in a display device; a method of fabricating a pixel; and a method of fabricating a display device. The phase change material is as described in more detail herein.

The system and method for a metal meta-material embedded with a phase change material to form an optically induced phase change material. A metal doped polymer domain within the optically induced phase change material provides electric-field enhancement at the interface with a semiconductor domain and provides a thermal heat sink, to provide rapid thermal dissipation away from the semiconductor domain during the optical process.

A security device that exhibits at least one dynamic response upon change of orientation of the security device with respect to gravity, wherein the security device includes a hollow capsule completely filled with a liquid and one or more microscopic elements. In addition, the dynamic response continues after cessation of the change of orientation with respect to gravity. The dynamic response includes a transition of the one or more microscopic elements from substantial mechanical equilibrium to non-equilibrium upon action of the change of orientation with respect to gravity and back to substantial mechanical equilibrium after cessation of the change of orientation with respect to gravity. During the dynamic response, the one or more microscopic elements undergo at least one of a rotational motion and a translational motion relative to the liquid.

An initiated chemical vapor deposition (i-CVD) method for forming a nanovoided polymeric material may include heating a mixture including a gaseous monomer, a gaseous polymerization initiator, and a solvent to form a polymeric thin film including the solvent and removing the solvent from the polymeric thin film to form a nanovoided thin film. Devices, including dielectric elastomer actuators, may be formed using the nanovoided polymeric material. Various other methods, systems, apparatuses, and materials are also disclosed.