[Object] To provide an optical element and an electronic apparatus having a high response speed and high controllability of a modulation wavelength.

[Solving Means] An optical element according to the present technology includes a first conductor film, a second conductor film, and a dielectric film. The first conductor film has light transmittance and capable of controlling optical transition energy by a Fermi level adjustment. The second conductor film has the light transmittance and capable of controlling the optical transition energy by the Fermi level adjustment. The dielectric film is arranged between the first conductor film and the second conductor film and has the light transmittance and elasticity.

A security device that exhibits at least one dynamic response upon change of orientation of the security device with respect to gravity, wherein the security device includes a hollow capsule completely filled with a liquid and one or more microscopic elements. In addition, the dynamic response continues after cessation of the change of orientation with respect to gravity. The dynamic response includes a transition of the one or more microscopic elements from substantial mechanical equilibrium to non-equilibrium upon action of the change of orientation with respect to gravity and back to substantial mechanical equilibrium after cessation of the change of orientation with respect to gravity. During the dynamic response, the one or more microscopic elements undergo at least one of a rotational motion and a translational motion relative to the liquid.

An optical device includes variable optical material that alters at least one of: incident ambient light, spectral content of incident ambient light or direction of incident ambient light through the optical device in response to a stimulus provided by the device. The device can sense intensity and/or spectral characteristics of ambient light and provide appropriate stimulus to various portions of the optical device to activate the variable optical material and alter at least one of: incident ambient light, spectral content of incident ambient light or direction of incident ambient light.

A light transmissive optical component includes an electroactive material layer structure having a controlled deformation. When actuating the component, different relative thickness changes are implemented at different regions of the electroactive material layer thereby providing a non-uniform change in an optical function between those different regions.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to electromechanical systems and devices, and more particularly to electromechanical systems for implementing reflective devices for displays, sensors, and authentication solutions. In some embodiments a reflective device includes a thin film transistor layer and a plurality of reflective elements positioned approximately parallel to the thin film transistor layer. The plurality of reflective elements is electrically coupled with the thin film transistor layer. Each reflective element is configured for controlling a reflectance parameter of the reflective element based on a first voltage applied to the reflective element by the thin film transistor. In other embodiments, a reflective element includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of polymer-air pair layers positioned approximately parallel position to the transparent substrate. The plurality of polymer-air pair layers are configured to vary a reflectance parameter based on a force applied to the plurality of polymer-air pair layers.

An apparatus is described that selectively absorbs electromagnetic radiation. The apparatus includes a conducting surface, a dielectric layer formed on the conducting surface, and a plurality of conducting particles distributed on the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer can be formed from a material and a thickness selected to yield a specific absorption spectrum. Alternatively, the thickness or dielectric value of the material can change in response to an external stimulus, thereby changing the absorption spectrum.

A light transmissive optical component comprising an electroactive material layer structure having a controlled deformation. When actuating the component, different relative thickness changes are implemented at different regions of the electroactive material layer thereby providing a non-uniform change in an optical function between those different regions.

This specification discusses a device which modulates, simultaneously or independently, the amplitude, polarization and phase of the electromagnetic radiation. This device has multiple metasurfaces, a spacer region between the metasurfaces, and an actuator for applying a force to at lease one of the metasurfaces. The application of the force changes distance between at least two of the metasurfaces creating the tunability of the electromagnetic radiation.

An ultrafast electro-optic laser makes a stabilized comb and includes: a comb generator that produces a frequency comb; a dielectric resonant oscillator; a phase modulator in communication with the dielectric resonant oscillator; an intensity modulator in communication with the phase modulator; an optical tailor in communication with the comb generator and that produces tailored light; a filter cavity in communication with the intensity modulator; a pulse shaper in communication with the filter cavity; a highly nonlinear fiber and compressor in communication with the pulse shaper; an interferometer in communication with the optical tailor and that produces a difference frequency from the tailored light; and an electrical stabilizer in communication with the interferometer and the comb generator and that produces the stabilization signal with a stabilized local oscillator cavity that produces a stabilized local oscillator signal that is converted into the stabilization signal and communicated to the dielectric resonant oscillator.

A security device that elicits at least one dynamic response upon acceleration, or upon change of orientation with respect to gravity, wherein the dynamic response continues after cessation of the acceleration or the change of orientation. In addition, the dynamic response can be optical, such that it is visually observable by an unaided human eye. Alternatively, the response can be machine readable. In some cases, the dynamic response has duration of from about 0.01 s to about 100 s, or from about Is to about 10 s.