A translucent sintered body having the following basic composition:
Ca.sub.(1−x)Yb.sub.xF.sub.(2+x), where 0.4≦x≦1.0,
or preferably
Ca.sub.(1−x−y)Yb.sub.xR.sub.yF.sub.(2+x+y), 0.4≦x≦1.0, 0≦y≦0.5 wherein R is at least one element selected from Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu and Y.

The present invention is based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal in which defects are inserted in a controlled manner, has the main function of division of the power of an input signal, excited in one of its six waveguides, among other three waveguides (output ones), while keeping isolation of the input port by means of two other waveguides. The operating principle of the device is based on the alignment of a dipole mode excited in the resonant cavity, in such a way that the nodes of this mode are oriented in the direction of two waveguides, so that these waveguides are not excited. Due to this alignment, each of the three output waveguides receive about one third of the power of input signal. The orientation of dipole mode is controlled by the applied DC magnetic field and the physical and geometrical parameters of the resonator.

A single-fiber bidirectional optical transceiver module of the same wavelength. A sub-wavelength grating and a Faraday rotator are used, and the same element is reused to implement a polarization multiplex/de-multiplex function, so as to implement transmission and receiving of an optical signal in a small space. The single-fiber bidirectional optical transceiver module has less optical elements, a compact structure, and low cost, meeting the needs on a miniaturized, integrated, and high speed optical transceiver module for a modern optical communication system.

A single-fiber bidirectional optical transceiver module of the same wavelength. A sub-wavelength grating and a Faraday rotator are used, and the same element is reused to implement a polarization multiplex/de-multiplex function, so as to implement transmission and receiving of an optical signal in a small space. The single-fiber bidirectional optical transceiver module has less optical elements, a compact structure, and low cost, meeting the needs on a miniaturized, integrated, and high speed optical transceiver module for a modern optical communication system.

An optical device can be used for circularly polarizing light and/or removing reflected light from an optical system (optical isolation). The optical device can have a polarizing-cube including a pair of prisms and a polarizer. Each prism can have two ends linked by an inner face and two outer faces. The prisms can be attached together at the inner face of each with the polarizer sandwiched between the prisms. Fresnel rhomb(s) can be attached to outer face(s) of the prisms.

A time-varying optical metasurface, comprising a plurality of modulated nano-antennas configured to vary dynamically over time. The metasurface may be implemented as part of an optical isolator, wherein the time-varying metasurface provides uni-directional light flow. The metasurface allows the breakage of Lorentz reciprocity in time-reversal. The metasurface may operate in a transmission mode or a reflection mode.

An optical isolator for use with high power, collimated laser radiation includes an input polarizing optical element, at least one Faraday optical element, at least two reflective optical elements for reflecting laser radiation to provide an even number of passes through said at least one Faraday optical element, at least one reciprocal polarization altering optical element, an output polarizing optical element, at least one light redirecting element for remotely dissipating isolated or lost laser radiation. The isolator also includes at least one magnetic structure capable of generating a uniform magnetic field within the Faraday optical element which is aligned to the path of the collimated laser radiation and a mechanical structure for holding said optical elements to provide thermal gradients that are aligned to the path of the collimated laser radiation and that provide thermal and mechanical isolation between the magnetic structure and the optical elements.

An optical isolator for use with high power, collimated laser radiation includes an input polarizing optical element, at least one Faraday optical element, at least two reflective optical elements for reflecting laser radiation to provide an even number of passes through said at least one Faraday optical element, at least one reciprocal polarization altering optical element, an output polarizing optical element, at least one light redirecting element for remotely dissipating isolated or lost laser radiation. The isolator also includes at least one magnetic structure capable of generating a uniform magnetic field within the Faraday optical element which is aligned to the path of the collimated laser radiation and a mechanical structure for holding said optical elements to provide thermal gradients that are aligned to the path of the collimated laser radiation and that provide thermal and mechanical isolation between the magnetic structure and the optical elements.

The present invention includes a holding stay made of a heat conductive material that is the same as that of an isolator holder, the holding stay being in contact with a radiation stay made of a member having good thermal conductivity, the radiation stay being in contact with radiation fins extracted from the inside of the isolator holder through an external opening for extraction, columnar welded portions bond the holding stay and the isolator holder through openings for welding, the welded portions apply tensile force toward the isolator holder to the radiation stay via the holding stay, and the radiation stay presses the radiation fins by means of the above-described tensile force to be fixed to the isolator holder.

Disclosed are a light emission device including a magnetoactive element, a method of fabricating the same, and an electronic device including the light emission device. The disclosed light emission device may include a light emission layer; a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other on a first surface side of the light emission layer; and a magnetoactive fluid layer disposed on a second surface side of the light emission layer and having a plurality of nanostructures of which arrangement and distribution is configured to change according to application of a magnetic field. The light emitting properties of the light emission layer may be changed according to the arrangement and distribution of a plurality of nanostructures in the magnetoactive fluid layer. The plurality of nanostructures may include conductive nanowire and magnetic nanoparticle provided on the surfaces of the conductive nanowire.