Systems and methods relate to arranging atoms into 1D and/or 2D arrays; exciting the atoms into Rydberg states and evolving the array of atoms, for example, using laser manipulation techniques and high-fidelity laser systems described herein; and observing the resulting final state. In addition, refinements can be made, such as providing high fidelity and coherent control of the assembled array of atoms. Exemplary problems can be solved using the systems and methods for arrangement and control of atoms.

A method and system is provided for operating a quantum information processing (QIP) system, including a dual-space, single-species architecture for trapped-ion quantum information processing. An exemplary method of preparing the ions include i) applying a first optical beam to the plurality of ions to shelve at least a portion of the plurality of ions from a first state to a second state, ii) applying a second optical beam to the plurality of ions to deshelve the at least a portion of the plurality of ions from the second state to a third state, iii) applying a third optical beam to optically pump the at least a portion of the plurality of ions from the third state and to a fourth state, and iv) iteratively repeat i) to iii) to transition a remaining portion of the plurality of ions to the fourth state.

A telecom system is disclosed with a laser controlled by an acousto-optic deflector including an optical element having a surface with one or more steps formed thereon; a conductive layer formed on the surface with the steps; one or more crystals secured to each step; and electrodes positioned on each surface of each crystal.

A proportion adjustable single-photon beam splitter based on cold atom storage includes a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap for receiving a first optical signal to be split; and a coupling beam. The coupling beam is incident at a certain angle with the first optical signal to the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap. The storage time of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap 1 can be adjusted by controlling the switching time of the coupling beam, and then adjusting a proportion of a photon number of a storage part and a photon number of a leakage part of the first optical signal. A splitting proportion may also be adjusted by controlling an optical depth of the alkali metal atomic group trapped in the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap.

A modular quantum computer architecture is developed with a hierarchy of interactions that can scale to very large numbers of qubits. Local entangling quantum gates between qubit memories within a single modular register are accomplished using natural interactions between the qubits, and entanglement between separate modular registers is completed via a probabilistic photonic interface between qubits in different registers, even over large distances. This architecture is suitable for the implementation of complex quantum circuits utilizing the flexible connectivity provided by a reconfigurable photonic interconnect network. The subject architecture is made fault-tolerant which is a prerequisite for scalability. An optimal quantum control of multimode couplings between qubits is accomplished via individual addressing the qubits with segmented optical pulses to suppress crosstalk in each register, thus enabling high-fidelity gates that can be scaled to larger qubit registers for quantum computation and simulation.

A pulse configurable laser unit is an environmentally stable, mechanically robust, and maintenance-free ultrafast laser source for low-energy industrial, medical and analytical applications. The key features of the laser unit are a reliable, self-starting fiber oscillator and an integrated programmable pulse shaper. The combination of these components allows taking full advantage of the laser's broad bandwidth ultrashort pulse duration and arbitrary waveform generation via spectral phase manipulation. The source can routinely deliver near-TL, sub-60 fs pulses with megawatt-level peak power. The output pulse dispersion can be tuned to pre-compensate phase distortions down the line as well as to optimize the pulse profile for a specific application.

A pulse configurable laser unit is an environmentally stable, mechanically robust, and maintenance-free ultrafast laser source for low-energy industrial, medical and analytical applications. The key features of the laser unit are a reliable, self-starting fiber oscillator and an integrated programmable pulse shaper. The combination of these components allows taking full advantage of the laser's broad bandwidth ultrashort pulse duration and arbitrary waveform generation via spectral phase manipulation. The source can routinely deliver near-TL, sub-60 fs pulses with megawatt-level peak power. The output pulse dispersion can be tuned to pre-compensate phase distortions down the line as well as to optimize the pulse profile for a specific application.

Disclosed is a phase modulator apparatus comprises at least a first phase modulator for modulating input radiation, and a metrology device comprising such a phase modulator apparatus. The first phase modulator comprises a first moving grating in at least an operational state for diffracting the input radiation and Doppler shifting the frequency of the diffracted radiation; and a first compensatory grating element comprising a pitch configured to compensate for wavelength dependent dispersion of at least one diffraction order of said diffracted radiation.

Disclosed is a phase modulator apparatus comprises at least a first phase modulator for modulating input radiation, and a metrology device comprising such a phase modulator apparatus. The first phase modulator comprises a first moving grating in at least an operational state for diffracting the input radiation and Doppler shifting the frequency of the diffracted radiation; and a first compensatory grating element comprising a pitch configured to compensate for wavelength dependent dispersion of at least one diffraction order of said diffracted radiation.

An atomic interferometer includes: an optical system including an optical modulating device that includes: an optical fiber for a first laser beam to propagate therein; and a frequency shifter connected to the optical fiber and configured to shift the frequency of the first laser beam, the optical system being configured to generate a moving standing light wave from counter-propagation of the first laser beam from the optical modulating device and a second laser beam; and an interference system for making an atomic beam interact with three or more moving standing light waves including the moving standing light wave.