An electro-optic element includes a first electroactive compartment including an electroactive film having a first electroactive component and a second electroactive compartment including an electroactive solution or gel having a second electroactive component. An ion selective material is disposed between the first and second electroactive compartments and is configured to inhibit diffusion of the second electroactive component in an activated state from the second electroactive compartment to the first electroactive compartment. At least one of the first and second electroactive components is electrochromic such that the electro-optic element is configured to reversibly attenuate transmittance of light having a wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range when an electrical potential is applied to the electro-optic element.

A functional element having electrically controllable optical properties having a plurality of side edges includes a stacking sequence having a first carrier film, a first planar electrode divided by an isolation line into at least two segments, an active layer, a second planar electrode, and a second carrier film, wherein on a first side edge in a first region, the second carrier film, the second planar electrode, and the active layer have a first cutback and in a second region, the first carrier film, the first planar electrode, and the active layer have a second cutback, a group of first bus bars electrically conductively contacts the first planar electrode, and each segment of the first planar electrode is electrically conductively contacted by a bus bar from the group of the first bus bars, and at least one second bus bar electrically conductively contacts the second planar electrode.

Layered assemblies are disclosed, that include a variable transmittance layer having opposing first and second sides; at least a first reflectance color-balancing layer positioned on the first side of the variable transmittance layer; and a transmittance color-balancing layer positioned on the first side or the second side of the variable transmittance layer. The variable transmittance layer may be variable between a dark state and a light state, and may have a dark state transmittance spectrum when in the dark state and a different light state transmittance spectrum when in the light state.

Controllers and control methods apply a drive voltage to bus bars of a thin film optically switchable device. The applied drive voltage is provided at a level that drives a transition over the entire surface of the optically switchable device but does not damage or degrade the device. This applied voltage produces an effective voltage at all locations on the face of the device that is within a bracketed range. The upper bound of this range is associated with a voltage safely below the level at which the device may experience damage or degradation impacting its performance in the short term or the long term. At the lower boundary of this range is an effective voltage at which the transition between optical states of the device occurs relatively rapidly. The level of voltage applied between the bus bars is significantly greater than the maximum value of the effective voltage within the bracketed range.

Controllers and control methods apply a drive voltage to bus bars of a thin film optically switchable device. The applied drive voltage is provided at a level that drives a transition over the entire surface of the optically switchable device but does not damage or degrade the device. This applied voltage produces an effective voltage at all locations on the face of the device that is within a bracketed range. The upper bound of this range is associated with a voltage safely below the level at which the device may experience damage or degradation impacting its performance in the short term or the long term. At the lower boundary of this range is an effective voltage at which the transition between optical states of the device occurs relatively rapidly. The level of voltage applied between the bus bars is significantly greater than the maximum value of the effective voltage within the bracketed range.

A method of forming an electrochromic (EC) device includes forming a solid-state first electrolyte layer, after forming the solid-state first electrolyte layer, laminating the first solid-state first electrolyte layer between a transparent first substrate and a transparent second substrate such that a transparent first electrode is disposed between the first substrate and a first side of the solid-state first electrolyte layer, and a transparent second electrode is disposed between the second substrate and a second side of the solid-state first electrolyte layer, and applying a sealant to seal the solid-state first electrolyte layer between the first and second substrates and to form the EC device.

A method of forming an electrochromic (EC) device includes forming a solid-state first electrolyte layer, after forming the solid-state first electrolyte layer, laminating the first solid-state first electrolyte layer between a transparent first substrate and a transparent second substrate such that a transparent first electrode is disposed between the first substrate and a first side of the solid-state first electrolyte layer, and a transparent second electrode is disposed between the second substrate and a second side of the solid-state first electrolyte layer, and applying a sealant to seal the solid-state first electrolyte layer between the first and second substrates and to form the EC device.

An electro-optic element is disclosed. The electro-optic element may comprise a voltage control device electrically connected to an electrode of the electro-optic medium. In some embodiments, the voltage control device may be a transistor. The voltage control device may be operable to receive a supply voltage and to output an activation voltage to an electro-optic medium of the electro-optic element. Additionally, the electro-optic element may further comprise a control circuit. The control circuit may be configured to receive at least one feedback signal. Based, at least in part, on the feedback signals, the control circuit may accordingly control the activation voltage output by the voltage control devices.

An electro-optic element is disclosed. The electro-optic element may comprise a voltage control device electrically connected to an electrode of the electro-optic medium. In some embodiments, the voltage control device may be a transistor. The voltage control device may be operable to receive a supply voltage and to output an activation voltage to an electro-optic medium of the electro-optic element. Additionally, the electro-optic element may further comprise a control circuit. The control circuit may be configured to receive at least one feedback signal. Based, at least in part, on the feedback signals, the control circuit may accordingly control the activation voltage output by the voltage control devices.

Disclosed herein as methods, apparatuses, non-transitory computer readable media, and systems relating to reduction and/or identification of one or more health risks in a facility. For example, by sensing a bodily characteristic of an individual in a facility, e.g., by sensing at least one environmental characteristic. For example, by sensing surface cleanliness. For example, by tracking personnel in the facility. For example, by suggesting routes in an enclosure based at least in part in personnel concentration in the facility. Disclosed herein as methods, apparatuses, non-transitory computer readable media, and systems relating to monitoring occupancy of a facility.