A method for generating ultrashort pulses includes directing a master beam having ultrashort pulses and at least one slave beam through an optical gate material. The intensity of the slave beam upstream of the optical gate material is lower than that of the master beam upstream of the optical gate material. The optical gate material and the pulses of the master beam are chosen to induce a Kerr effect when the master beam passes through the optical gate material, the Kerr effect producing a modulation of the phase of the slave beam in association with pulses of the master beam when the slave beam passes through the optical gate material. The modulation of the phase of the slave beam is transformed into a modulation of the amplitude thereof using a complementary optical device to generate a slave beam downstream of the optical gate material having ultrashort pulses.

Techniques are described for using confinement structures and/or pattern gratings to reduce or prevent the wicking of sealant polymer (e.g., glue) into the optically active areas of a multi-layered optical assembly. A multi-layered optical structure may include multiple layers of substrate imprinted with waveguide grating patterns. The multiple layers may be secured using an edge adhesive, such as a resin, epoxy, glue, and so forth. A confinement structure such as an edge pattern may be imprinted along the edge of each layer to control and confine the capillary flow of the edge adhesive and prevent the edge adhesive from wicking into the functional waveguide grating patterns of the layers. Moreover, the edge adhesive may be carbon doped or otherwise blackened to reduce the reflection of light off the edge back into the interior of the layer, thus improving the optical function of the assembly.

A method is provided for modifying a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that propagates through a medium. The method includes providing a medium that exhibits a change in refractive index in response to a change in electric field; impinging electromagnetic radiation from a electromagnetic radiation source onto the medium such that the electromagnetic radiation propagates through the medium; and modifying at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation propagating through the medium by externally inducing a temporal change in the refractive index of the medium.

Supercontinuum (SC) (400 nm to 2500 nm) and a microscope produce enhanced microscopic images on sub-micron to cm scale of linear (.sub.1) and nonlinear (.sub.2, .sub.3, .sub.4 . . . ) processes via resonance including linear absorption, SHG, THG, SRG, SRL, SRS, 2PEF, 3PEF, 4PEF, and inverse Raman in a microscope for 2D and 3D imaging. Images and processes in 2D and 3D arise from electronic and vibrational resonances transitions in biological and medical tissues, cells, condensed matter applications. Resonant Stimulated Raman Scattering (RSRS) is proposed to improve vibrational imaging of biomaterials by using part of SC. Quantum mechanical processes from SC for 2 and 4 photons to improve resolution and imaging using entangled photons are described. The addition of time measuring instrument like a Streak camera and the scattering coefficient .sub.s can be mapped to create images of tissue and biomaterial in 5D: Space (3D), Time, and Wavelength.

An anti-dazzle imaging camera is provided that includes a photorefractive crystal that is wavelength-agnostic. The photorefractive crystal is configured to receive an optical beam. When the optical beam includes no laser, the photorefractive crystal is configured to pass the optical beam unchanged to an imaging detector. When the optical beam includes a laser, the photorefractive crystal is configured to attenuate the laser to generate a modified optical beam and to pass the modified optical beam to the imaging detector.

The present disclosure relates to a device and a method for adjusting a pulse width of a laser beam by using the plasma generated by being induced from laser as a shutter, and more particularly, to a device and a method for adjusting a laser pulse width, which can precisely and quickly adjust the laser pulse width by dividing the laser generated from a laser light source into a target pulse and a shutter pulse; converting the optical path of the divided laser; and chopping the target pulse by using the plasma induced from the shutter pulse as an optical shutter in a cell having adjustable internal pressure.

An optical logic gate decision-making circuit that combines non-linear materials, such as silicon nitride, on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate is described. Circuitry includes a ring cavity coupled to an input optical bus waveguide. The input optical bus waveguide receives an optical signal and passes the optical signal to the ring cavity. An electro-optical device, for instance a PN junction, is integrated within the ring cavity to modulate the optical signal such that an optical logic gate function is enabled. An output optical bus waveguide is also coupled to the ring cavity, which outputs the optical signal modified based on the optical logic gate function and based on a wavelength routing function. By using silicon nitride, the optical non-linearity of the materials enables an all-optical logic gate. Thus, the optical logic gate decision-making circuit is suitable for all-optical circuits, and support ultrafast optical signal processing and enabling packet switching of data.

System on chips (SoCs) based on a microprocessor or a neural processor (e.g., brain-inspired processor) electrically coupled with electronic memory devices and/or optically coupled with an optical memory device, along with embodiment(s) of a building block (an element) of the microprocessor/neural processor, the electronic memory device and the optical memory device are disclosed. It should be noted that a microprocessor can include a graphical processor. Furthermore, two or more microprocessors/graphical processors/neural processors (or even a network of microprocessors/graphical processors/neural processors) can be coupled with an optical switch to mimic a (biological) cognitive system.

System on chips (SoCs) based on a microprocessor or a neural processor (e.g., brain-inspired processor) electrically coupled with electronic memory devices and/or optically coupled with an optical memory device, along with embodiment(s) of a building block (an element) of the microprocessor/neural processor, the electronic memory device and the optical memory device are disclosed. It should be noted that a microprocessor can include a graphical processor.

A laser beam phase-modulation device, a laser beam steering device, and a laser beam steering system including the same are provided. The laser beam phase-modulation device includes a refractive index conversion layer having a refractive index that is changed according to an electrical signal applied thereto, the refractive index conversion layer including an upper surface on which the laser beam is incident and a lower surface opposite the upper surface, at least one antenna pattern embedded in the upper surface of the refractive index conversion layer, and a metal mirror layer provided under the lower surface of the refractive index conversion layer and configured to reflect the laser beam.