A Q switch resonator includes: an optical resonator comprising at least two mirrors, and configured to accumulate power of a continuous wave or an intermittent continuous wave incident from an outside; and a switching element provided in the optical resonator. The switching element is configured such that, when the power accumulated in the optical resonator increases to a predetermined level, the switching element outputs an optical pulse by lowering a Q factor from a first level to a second level lower than the first level.

The present disclosure provides a waveguide integrated optical modulator, which is made of a bismuth film, an antimony film, or a tellurium film. A thickness of the bismuth film, the antimony film, or the tellurium film is between 10 nm and 200 nm, and the bismuth film, the antimony film, or the tellurium film is produced by physical vapor deposition method. The waveguide integrated optical modulator can directly add the symmetrical electrode on the surface of the bismuth film, the antimony film, or the tellurium film, and apply an external bias voltage of different amplitudes to the bismuth film, the antimony film, or the tellurium film by adjusting the power source. Thus, the waveguide integrated optical modulator can actively control the nonlinear optical characteristics of the saturable absorber by changing the magnitude of the external voltage, and further actively modulate the laser characteristics of the pulse.

Various techniques provide nanostructure-based optical limiters for facilitating aperture protection. In one example, a method includes receiving, via a first window, incident light on a solution, where the solution includes liquid medium, a gas dissolved in the liquid medium, and nanostructures in contact with the liquid medium. The method further includes generating heat in the liquid medium based on oscillations of a subset of the plurality of nanostructures in response to the incident light. The method further includes releasing at least a portion of the gas from the solution as gas bubbles in response to the generated heat. The method further includes scattering, by the released gas bubbles, the incident light to prevent the incident light from reaching a second window. Related systems and products are also provided.

The aim of the invention is to machine a material by application of non-linear radiation. The aim is achieved by modifying the laser radiation emitted by a laser beam source with the aid of a polarization modulator in such a way that laser radiation focused into the material is polarized in a linear fashion, the direction of polarization varying across the cross section of the beam.

The invention relates to a switchable absorber element and a photovoltaic cell based thereon. A switchable absorber element according to the invention has an absorber layer. The absorber element furthermore has at least one front side reflection layer and at least one rear side reflection layer, wherein the absorber layer is arranged between front side reflection layer and rear side reflection layer, wherein the optical path length between front side reflection layer and rear side reflection layer is less than 400 nm at least for light impinging perpendicularly onto the cell. The absorber element according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of the reflection layers has a switchable reflectivity.

An apparatus including an optical resonator, and a method of using same. The optical limiter includes an optically absorbent material. The optical resonator supports a plurality of resonant transmission peaks at resonant frequencies defined by the cavity length. The optically absorbent material exhibits a saturable absorption response at a fundamental absorption peak located spectrally at a fundamental absorption peak frequency of the plurality of resonant transmission peaks. The optically absorbent material includes an absorptivity sufficient for strong cavity coupling, such that the fundamental absorption peak splits into a first upper vibration polariton transmission peak and a second lower polariton transmission peak separated by a Rabi splitting. The Rabi splitting is proportional to a square root of the absorptivity. The absorptivity varies with optical excitation of the optically absorbent material. The absorptivity is maximized at a photon-unsaturated ground state, and the absorptivity is minimized at an optically excited state.

A transparent display provides eye protection from lasers and other high intensity light sources. The transparent display allows users to view objects clearly through the display while also presenting text, graphics or video on the display surface. Simultaneously, the display assembly comprises a component that provides eye protection against high power radiation sources. The transparent display with eye protection provides both protection from high power light sources and an additional cockpit display surface for presentation of information including graphical images, symbology, video, text, and other data.

The present disclosure relates to a device and a method for adjusting a pulse width of a laser beam by using the plasma generated by being induced from laser as a shutter, and more particularly, to a device and a method for adjusting a laser pulse width, which can precisely and quickly adjust the laser pulse width by dividing the laser generated from a laser light source into a target pulse and a shutter pulse; converting the optical path of the divided laser; and chopping the target pulse by using the plasma induced from the shutter pulse as an optical shutter in a cell having adjustable internal pressure.

A radiation source arrangement including: a radiation source operable to generate source radiation including source energy pulses; and at least one non-linear energy-filter operable to filter the source radiation to obtain filtered radiation including filtered energy pulses. The at least one non-linear energy-filter is operable to mitigate variation in energy in the filtered radiation by reducing the energy level of the source energy pulses which have an energy level corresponding to one of both extremities of an energy distribution of the source energy pulses by a greater amount than the source energy pulses which have an energy level corresponding to a peak of the energy distribution.

A method for directly synthesizing graphene on a surface of a target object includes: forming a non-metal layer on a support substrate; disposing the target object in a space above the support substrate, which is opposite to the non-metal layer; and injecting a carbon precursor to form graphene on the surface of the target object to synthesize a graphene film, wherein the graphene is nucleated and grown by a decomposition of the carbon precursor, the carbon precursor is decomposed by heat with catalytic assistance from the non-metal layer, and a carbon atom from the decomposition of the precursor is anchored on the surface to form the graphene film.