Embodiments of the disclosure provide an apparatus for emitting laser light and a system and method for detecting laser light returned from an object. The system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter includes one or more laser sources, at least one of the laser sources configured to provide a respective native laser beam having a wavelength above 1,100 nm. The transmitter also includes a wavelength converter configured to receive the native laser beams provided by the laser sources and convert the native laser beams into a converted laser beam having a wavelength below 1,100 nm. The transmitter further includes a scanner configured to emit the converted laser beam to the object in a first direction. The receiver is configured to detect a returned laser beam having a wavelength below 1,100 nm and returned from the object in a second direction.

A microwave to optical conversion device comprising: a superconducting microwave resonator, and an optical resonator including an electro-optical material, the superconducting microwave resonator and the optical resonator being arranged one with respect to the other so as to be electro-magnetically coupled.

A dual frequency optical resonator configured for optical coupling to light having a first frequency ω1. The dual frequency optical resonator includes a plurality of alternating layer pairs stacked in a post configuration, each layer pair having a first layer formed of a first material and a second layer formed of a second material, the first material and second materials being different materials. The first layer has a first thickness and the second layer has a second thickness, the thicknesses of the first and second layer being selected to create optical resonances at the first frequency ω1 and a second frequency ω2 which is a harmonic of ω1 and the thicknesses of the first and second layer also being selected to enhance nonlinear coupling between the first frequency ω1 and a second frequency ω2.

Terahertz spectrometer having a wider range of terahertz radiation source, high temporal resolution of scanning (<0.0.099 μm or ˜0.3 pico second) over a wider range of scanning (up to ˜100 pico seconds). Also disclosed are exemplary applications of the spectrometer in biomedical, biological, pharmaceutical, and security areas.

A laser assembly for generating laser output light at an output wavelength of approximately 183 nm includes a fundamental laser, an optical parametric system (OPS), a fifth harmonic generator, and a frequency mixing module. The fundamental laser generates fundamental light at a fundamental frequency. The OPS generates a down-converted signal at a down-converted frequency. The fifth harmonic generator generates a fifth harmonic of the fundamental light. The frequency mixing module mixes the down-converted signal and the fifth harmonic to produce the laser output light at a frequency equal to a sum of the fifth harmonic frequency and the down-converted frequency. The OPS generates the down-converted signal by generating a down-converted seed signal at the down-converted frequency, and then mixing the down-converted seed signal with a portion of the fundamental light. At least one of the frequency mixing, frequency conversion or harmonic generation utilizes an annealed, deuterium-treated or hydrogen-treated CLBO crystal.

A device includes a first excitation light source that emits first excitation light, a second excitation light source that emits second excitation light, a wavelength converter that converts signal light of a first wavelength into signal light of a second wavelength according to the first excitation light, and a measurer that measures a frequency difference between the first excitation light and the second excitation light, wherein when an abnormality of the first excitation light is detected, the second excitation light source is adjusted so that a frequency of the second excitation light is aligned with a frequency of the first excitation light before the abnormality detection, based on the frequency difference before the abnormality detection, and the wavelength converter converts the signal light of the first wavelength into the signal light of the second wavelength according to the second excitation light, after adjusting the frequency of the second excitation light.

Laser and inspection systems that generate laser output light at sub-200 nm wavelengths using fundamental light at approximately 1064 nm. A second harmonic generator module generates second harmonic light directed to both an optical parametric (OP) module, which generates down-converted signal (idler light), and to a fifth harmonic generator module, which generates fifth harmonic light. The OP module includes an optical parametric oscillator that is configured to generate the idler signal at approximately 0.5 times the fundamental frequency. The idler light and fifth harmonic light are then mixed by a frequency mixing module to generate the laser output light having an output frequency equal to approximately 5.5 times the fundamental frequency.

A display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel; light sources configured to emit blue light; a reflective sheet including four edge portions and a first hole and a second hole on each of the four edge portions of the reflective sheet, the first hole disposed at a first distance from an edge of the reflective sheet, and the second hole disposed at a second distance from the edge of the reflective sheet, wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance; and first and second light conversion dots, wherein the first light conversion dots are disposed around the first hole of the reflective sheet, and the second light conversion dots are disposed around the second hole of the reflective sheet, wherein a size of each of the first light conversion dots is greater than a size of each of the second light conversion dots.

A method and apparatus for increasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of phononic comb teeth generated by a non-linear resonator. The method comprises generating a drive signal; applying the drive signal to the non-linear resonator with sufficient gain to generate the phononic comb teeth; and filtering the drive signal before applying it to the non-linear resonator to thereby increase the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of phononic comb teeth generated by the non-linear resonator. The apparatus may comprise a circuit including a filter disposed between an oscillator generating the drive signal and the non-linear resonator, the filter preferably having a 3 db passband width which is less than a spacing of the phononic comb teeth generated by the non-linear resonator.

Systems and methods for a tunable radio frequency synthesizer utilizing optical frequency combs are provided. In one embodiment, an RF signal generator comprises: an SBS pump laser segment including a first and second SBS pump laser each generating SBS laser light at different respective frequencies; a TE/TM dual comb resonator comprising a comb optical resonator coupled to the first and second SBS pump lasers, wherein the comb optical resonator generates a pair of counter-propagating optical frequency combs of different polarities from the SBS laser light; a filter resonator segment configured to provide feedback to the TE/TM dual comb resonator to lock a relative position of the pair of counter-propagating optical frequency combs, the filter resonator comprising a tunable optical filter to output a discrete tuned RF signal output based on a comb line pair that includes a single comb line from each of the pair of counter-propagating optical frequency combs.