A solid-state laser system may include first and second solid-state laser units, a wavelength conversion system, an optical shutter, and a controller. The first solid-state laser unit and the second solid-state laser unit may output first pulsed laser light with a first wavelength and second pulsed laser light with a second wavelength, respectively. The controller may perform first control and second control. The first control may cause the first and second pulsed laser light to enter the wavelength conversion system at a substantially coincidental timing, thereby causing the wavelength conversion system to output third pulsed laser light with a third wavelength converted from the first wavelength and the second wavelength, and the second control may prevent the first and second pulsed laser light from entering the wavelength conversion system at the coincidental timing, thereby preventing the wavelength conversion system from outputting the third pulsed laser light.

Disclosed is a non-linear optical crystal containing pyridinium represented by the following Formula (1), 4-substituted phenylsulfonate represented by the following Formula (2a), and 2,4,6-substituted phenylsulfonate represented by the following Formula (2b).

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A dual frequency optical resonator configured for optical coupling to light having a first frequency ω1. The dual frequency optical resonator includes a plurality of alternating layer pairs stacked in a post configuration, each layer pair having a first layer formed of a first material and a second layer formed of a second material, the first material and second materials being different materials. The first layer has a first thickness and the second layer has a second thickness, the thicknesses of the first and second layer being selected to create optical resonances at the first frequency ω1 and a second frequency ω2 which is a harmonic of ω1 and the thicknesses of the first and second layer also being selected to enhance nonlinear coupling between the first frequency ω1 and a second frequency ω2.

Terahertz spectrometer having a wider range of terahertz radiation source, high temporal resolution of scanning (<0.0.099 μm or ˜0.3 pico second) over a wider range of scanning (up to ˜100 pico seconds). Also disclosed are exemplary applications of the spectrometer in biomedical, biological, pharmaceutical, and security areas.

A method and apparatus to generate harmonically related laser wavelengths includes a pair of lenses at opposing faces of a non-linear optical material. The lenses are configured to promote incoming and outgoing beams to be normal to each outer lens surface over a range of acceptance angles of the incoming laser beam. This reduces reflection loss for higher efficiency operation. Additionally, the lenses allow a wider range of wavelengths for lasers for more universal application. Examples of the lenses include plano-cylindrical and plano-spherical form factors.

A method of poling an organic polymeric electro-optic material. The method includes doping the organic polymeric electro-optic material with nanoparticles. The method also includes heating the organic polymeric electro-optic material to a poling temperature. The method also includes poling the organic polymeric electro-optic material by applying an electric field across the organic polymeric electro-optic material.

A time-varying optical metasurface, comprising a plurality of modulated nano-antennas configured to vary dynamically over time. The metasurface may be implemented as part of an optical isolator, wherein the time-varying metasurface provides uni-directional light flow. The metasurface allows the breakage of Lorentz reciprocity in time-reversal. The metasurface may operate in a transmission mode or a reflection mode.

A time-varying optical metasurface, comprising a plurality of modulated nano-antennas configured to vary dynamically over time. The metasurface may be implemented as part of an optical isolator, wherein the time-varying metasurface provides uni-directional light flow. The metasurface allows the breakage of Lorentz reciprocity in time-reversal. The metasurface may operate in a transmission mode or a reflection mode.

Laser and inspection systems that generate laser output light at sub-200 nm wavelengths using fundamental light at approximately 1064 nm. A second harmonic generator module generates second harmonic light directed to both an optical parametric (OP) module, which generates down-converted signal (idler light), and to a fifth harmonic generator module, which generates fifth harmonic light. The OP module includes an optical parametric oscillator that is configured to generate the idler signal at approximately 0.5 times the fundamental frequency. The idler light and fifth harmonic light are then mixed by a frequency mixing module to generate the laser output light having an output frequency equal to approximately 5.5 times the fundamental frequency.

Efficient harmonic light generation can be achieved with ultrathin films by coupling an incident pump wave to an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode of the thin film. As an example, efficient third harmonic generation from an indium tin oxide nanofilm (λ/42 thick) on a glass substrate for a pump wavelength of 1.4 μm was demonstrated. A conversion efficiency of 3.3×10.sup.−6 was achieved by exploiting the field enhancement properties of the ENZ mode with an enhancement factor of 200. This nanoscale frequency conversion method is applicable to other plasmonic materials and reststrahlen materials in proximity of the longitudinal optical phonon frequencies.