A display device includes: a first substrate and a second substrate including a plurality of pixel areas and opposing each other; a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first pixel electrode on the first substrate; a first insulating layer on the first pixel electrode; and a second pixel electrode on the first insulating layer and in a different pixel area from a pixel area in which the first pixel electrode is disposed.

The invention relates to a light modulation element comprising a polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystalline medium sandwiched between two substrates (1), provided with a common electrode structure (2) and a driving electrode structure (3) individually, wherein the substrate with driving and/or common electrode structure is additionally provided with an alignment electrode structure (4) which is separated from the driving and or common electrode structure on the same substrate by an dielectric layer (5), characterized in that the light modulation element comprises at least one alignment layer (6) directly adjacent to the liquid crystalline medium.

The invention is further relates to a method of production of said light modulation element and to the use of said light modulation element in various types of optical and electro-optical devices, such as electro-optical displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), non-linear optic (NLO) devices, and optical information storage devices.

A device for modulating the phase of a light beam includes a matrix of elementary cells, called pixels, coupled to a circuit for addressing the pixels, the device further comprising a set of so-called lateral electrodes extending in a so-called vertical direction (Y) at right angles to the alignment direction (Xa) and configured to apply, for each pixel and via at least two lateral electrodes, a so-called acceleration voltage generating a lateral electrical field (Era) substantially parallel to the alignment direction, in a vector allowing an accelerated return of the liquid crystal molecules to their orientation of rest, the acceleration voltage being configured to be applied in a phase called acceleration relaxation phase, when the activation voltage is no longer applied.

Provided is a display device. The display device comprises: a substrate including a display area having a plurality of pixels and a non-display area, a plurality of data lines connected to each of the plurality of pixels and extending in a first direction, a plurality of first gate lines connected to each of the plurality of pixels and extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, a plurality of second gate lines extending along the first direction from one end of the display area to a line contact portion contacting each of the plurality of first gate lines, and a plurality of off voltage lines extending in a direction opposite to the first direction from the other end of the display area opposite to one end of the display area to a periphery of the line contact portion and insulated from the plurality of second gate lines.

A display device of an embodiment includes scanning lines, signal lines, sub-pixels, a switching element in each of the sub-pixels, a pixel electrode in each of the sub-pixels. The switching element includes a relay electrode in contact with the pixel electrode, and a semiconductor layer in contact with the signal line in a first position, in contact with the relay electrode in a second position, and bending between the first position and the second position and crossing the scanning line. In at least one of the sub-pixels, a part of the scanning line extends between the relay electrode and the signal line which are connected to each other via the semiconductor layer.

A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate and a first electrically conductive layer on a surface thereof, the first electrically conductive layer having a sheet resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position.

A liquid crystal (LC) mixture for a pitch variable optical element is provided. The LC mixture includes a host LC and one or more LC dimers dissolved as a guest in the host LC. The host LC and the one or more LC dimers have respective dielectric anisotropies of opposite signs in nematic phase. A net dielectric anisotropy of the LC mixture is substantially neutral.

A solid state electrically variable focal length lens includes a plurality of concentric rings of electro-optical material, wherein the electro-optical material comprises any material of a class of hydrogen-doped phase-change metal oxide and wherein each respective concentric ring further includes a transparent resistive sheet on a first face of the respective concentric ring, wherein the transparent resistive sheet extends along the first face, and a first voltage coupled between a first end and a second end of the transparent resistive sheet, wherein the first voltage may be varied to select an optical beam deflection angle.

Provided are a display device its method of manufacturing. The device includes a base; first and second thin-film transistors (TFT) on the base, adjacent to each; an organic layer covering the first and second TFT, comprising a first and second opening overlapping the drain electrodes of the first and second TFT, respectively; a common electrode on the organic layer comprising a common electrode opening overlapping the first opening and another common electrode opening overlapping the second opening; an insulating layer on a bump spacer which is on the common electrode; a first and second pixel electrode on the insulating layer overlapping the common electrode and electrically connected to the first and second TFT, respectively, wherein a minimum distance between the bump spacer and the common electrode opening is substantially equal to a minimum distance between the bump spacer and the other common electrode opening.

A connection apparatus for electrically conductive pads includes a first substrate and a second substrate arranged in opposition, wherein a plurality of first electrically conductive pads are arranged on the inside of the first substrate, and a plurality of second electrically conductive pads are arranged on the inside of the second substrate. An electrically conductive glue is arranged between the first electrically conductive pads and the second electrically conductive pads, and the first electrically conductive pads each include a first body, the second electrically conductive pads each include a second body, and the first body and/or the second body includes a hollow portion or portions. The electrically conductive pads with a hollow portion(s) allowing light rays to illuminate and solidify the electrically conductive for bonding and interconnecting the upper and lower electrically conductive pads.