The electrophotographic apparatus and process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a cleaning blade, and developing unit containing a toner, wherein the cleaning blade comprising a support member and an elastic member whose portion is abutting a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; the elastic member has an elastic modulus of 15 to 470 MPa with coefficient of variation for the elastic modulus being not more than 7.0%, and the absolute value of a difference between Martens hardness values is not more than 0.30 N/mm.sup.2 as measured under prescribed conditions; the toner contains a toner particle and an external additive whose a number-average primary particle diameter is from 5 to 25 nm, when X1 is a coverage ratio of the toner particle by the external additive and X2 is a theoretical coverage ratio, X1 is 50 to 85 area %, and X1/X2≥−0.0042×X1+0.60 is satisfied.

A toner is provided, which has a toner particle containing a binder resin including a first resin and a second resin, wherein the first resin is a crystalline resin, the second resin is an amorphous resin, the first resin contains a specific amount of a first monomer unit having a specific structure, an acid value of the first resin and an acid value of the second resin are within specific ranges, a domain-matrix structure formed of a matrix containing the first resin and domains containing the second resin appears in cross-sectional observation of the toner, the toner particle contains a multivalent metal element, the multivalent metal element is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Al, Fe and Zn, and a total content of the multivalent metal element is within a specific range.

According to one embodiment, a toner contains a toner mother particle and an external additive. The toner mother particle contains a crystalline polyester resin and a specific ester wax. The external additive contains silica A having a D.sub.50 of 10 nm to 14 nm and monodispersed silica B having a D.sub.50 of 90 nm to 150 nm. The following conditions are satisfied. Content of silica A: 0.1 parts by mass to 0.8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner mother particle. Content of silica B: 0.3 parts by mass to 1.2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner mother particle. Ratio (content of silica B/content of silica A): 1.0 to 5.0. Residual ratio X of silica A: 70% or more. Residual ratio Y of silica B: 30% or more. Ratio (residual ratio X/residual ratio Y): 1.0 to 3.0.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner has toner particles and silica particles that are added to an exterior of the toner particles, contain a nitrogen element-containing compound, have a ratio C/D of 0.10 or more and 0.75 or less where C represents an integral value of signals observed in a range of chemical shift of −50 ppm or more and −75 ppm or less in a .sup.29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum obtained by a cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) method and D represents an integral value of signals observed in a range of chemical shift of −90 ppm or more and −120 ppm or less in the same spectrum, have an extraction amount X of the nitrogen element-containing compound by a mixed solution of ammonia/methanol of 0.1% by mass or more, and satisfy Expression: Y/X<0.3 where X represents an extraction amount of the nitrogen element-containing compound by a mixed solution of ammonia/methanol and Y represents an extraction amount of the nitrogen element-containing compound by water.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner has toner particles that contain a binder resin, a release agent, and resin particles, in which a loss coefficient tan δ (1%) of the resin particles at a melting temperature Tw of the release agent and a strain of 1% and a loss coefficient tan δ (100%) of the resin particles at the melting temperature Tw of the release agent and a strain of 100% satisfy the following Expression (1) and the following Expression (2).

0.02≤tan δ(1%)≤0.5  Expression (1):

0.4≤tan δ(100%)−tan δ(1%)≤2.0  Expression (2):

A toner includes toner base particles each containing a binder resin and a release agent, and resin particles on a surface of each of the toner base particles. A ratio (Iw/Ir) is 0.10 or more and 0.30 or less, where Ir is a peak height of the binder resin and Iw is a peak height of the release agent, as measured through attenuated total reflection (ATR). A standard deviation σ (nm) of distances L (nm) between the resin particles that are adjacent to each other on the surface of each of the toner base particles is 150 nm or more and 500 nm or less.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner contains toner particles that contain a binder resin and resin particles and an external additive that contains inorganic particles, in which a loss coefficient tanδ.sub.a of the resin particles at 40° C. and 0.1 rad/s satisfies 0.1 < tanδ.sub.a < 1.0, a loss coefficient tanδ.sub.b of the resin particles at 40° C. and 10 rad/s satisfies 1.3 < tanδ.sub.b < 3.0, and in a case where a strain of 0.005% is applied to the toner at 40° C., a stress relaxation time .sub.τ of the toner satisfies 5 seconds < τ < 500 seconds.

A toner includes toner base particles each including a binder resin and a releasing agent, resin particles, and an external additive. Resin particles, from among the resin particles in the toner, and the external additive are deposited on a surface of each of the toner base particles. A standard deviation of a distance between resin particles next to one another on the surface is less than 600 nm, the resin particles next to one another being from among the resin particles deposited on the surface. The external additive includes primary particles each standing alone and non-spherical cohesive particles each including cohered primary particles. A proportion of the primary particles each standing alone per 1,000 particles of the external additive is 30% or less, the particles of the external additive in the per 1,000 particles being the primary particles each standing alone and the cohesive particles.

An antimicrobial toner particle composition is disclosed. The antimicrobial toner particle composition includes a binder resin, and an antimicrobial material in an effective antimicrobial amount comprising copper oxide. An image forming apparatus is also disclosed, capable of forming a fused antimicrobial image on a recording medium.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising an organic pigment and a binder resin, wherein, in a solid-state NMR measurement at 60° C. using a solid fraction obtained by specific procedure for dissolving the toner in chloroform as a sample, a transverse relaxation time T2 of a peak observed between 1.5 and 2.5 ppm is from 0.08 to 0.13 ms.