A toner, comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt, wherein a main component of the binder resin is a polyester resin having specific acid value, the water-soluble polyvalent metal salt is a chloride, nitrate or sulfate of the specific metal, the water-soluble polyvalent metal salt has a solubility in water at 25° C. of 30 to 200 g/100 mL, in a cross-sectional observation of the toner particle, a proportion of the area of domains having a concrete surface area, relative to the total area of domains derived from the water-soluble polyvalent metal salt, is 80 to 100 area %, the expression below is satisfied, where At (area %) denotes the proportion of the total area of domains and Fm (atomic %) denotes the proportion of the polyvalent metal atom relative to the atoms in the toner as detected by X-ray fluorescence analysis.

0.02≤At/Fm≤0.10

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles having an average circularity of 0.96 to 1.00 and organic particles having an aspect ratio of 0.4 to 0.9 as an external additive.

A toner particle includes a binder resin, a thermally expandable capsule, a colorant, and a wax. The binder resin includes an amorphous polyester resin having a pendant group, and a crystalline polyester resin.

A toner and a method for producing the toner, wherein; the toner comprising a toner particle comprising a polyester resin, and has a softening point of 150° C. or less; the toner particle has the polyester resin within 100 nm from a surface of the toner particle, and where a value obtained by dividing an amount of counted ions for a structure represented by following formula (A) measured from the surface of the toner particle to a depth of 100 nm by TOF-SIMS by a total amount of counted ions is taken as a standard value, one or more peaks of the standard value are present within a range of 100 nm from the surface of the toner particle, and where A(dmax) denotes a standard value at a maximum peak and A(0) denotes a standard value on the toner particle surface, formula 1.15≤A(dmax)/A(0)≤5.00 is satisfied.

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A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

A mechanism that enables developer replenishment by a simpler structure and a mechanism that enables more user-friendly developer replenishment are provided. An attachment port to which a developer supply bottle containing a developer stored therein is detachably attachable is disposed in an interior of an image forming apparatus. The developer supply bottle can be attached when the cover is in an open state. According to this image forming apparatus, when the developer supply bottle is attached to the attachment port, the developer inside the developer supply bottle moves into a developer housing chamber by its own weight.

A mechanism that enables developer replenishment by a simpler structure and a mechanism that enables more user-friendly developer replenishment are provided. An attachment port to which a developer supply bottle containing a developer stored therein is detachably attachable is disposed in an interior of an image forming apparatus. The developer supply bottle can be attached when the cover is in an open state. According to this image forming apparatus, when the developer supply bottle is attached to the attachment port, the developer inside the developer supply bottle moves into a developer housing chamber by its own weight.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner contains toner particles that contain a binder resin, in which each of a loss modulus G″5 (150) of the electrostatic charge image developing toner determined by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a temperature of 150° C. and a strain of 5% and a loss modulus G″50 (180) of the electrostatic charge image developing toner determined by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a temperature of 180° C. and a strain of 50% is 1×10.sup.3 Pa or more and 1×10.sup.4 Pa or less, and a relationship between a loss modulus G″5 (t1) of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a first temperature t1 in a temperature range of 150° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower and a strain of 5% and a loss modulus G″50 (t2) of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a second temperature t2 higher than the first temperature t1 in the temperature range of 150° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower and a strain of 50% satisfies the following Formula (1) in a case of a temperature difference (t2−t1) between the first temperature t1 and the second temperature t2 is 15° C. or higher.

1<G″5(t1)/G″50(t2)<3.0  Formula (1)

An electrostatic charge image developing toner contains toner particles that contain a binder resin, in which in a case where G′1 (90) represents a storage modulus G′ of the electrostatic charge image developing toner determined by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a temperature of 90° C. and a strain of 1%, G′50 (90) represents a storage modulus G′ of the electrostatic charge image developing toner determined by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a temperature of 90° C. and a strain of 50%, and G′50 (180) represents a storage modulus G′ of the electrostatic charge image developing toner determined by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a temperature of 180° C. and a strain of 50%, the electrostatic charge image developing toner satisfies the following Formulas (1) to (4).

G′1(90)<1×10.sup.5  Formula (1)

1×10.sup.3<G′50(180)  Formula (2)

1<G′50(90)/G′50(180)<30  Formula (3)

1<G′1(90)/G′50(90)<10  Formula (4)

A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes toner particles having an average circularity Cc of 0.80 or more and less than 0.98, and an external additive containing monodisperse silica particles and titanate compound particles, in which a ratio Rt/Rs of an average primary particle diameter Rt of the titanate compound particles to an average primary particle diameter Rs of the monodisperse silica particles is 0.50 or more and 3.50 or less, and a ratio A/B of an external additive coverage A (%) of the monodisperse silica particles on surfaces of the toner particles to an external additive coverage B (%) of the titanate compound particles on the surfaces of the toner particles satisfies formula (1): 0<A/B≤2.00.