A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner has G1 of from 5.0×10.sup.−13 to 1.0×10.sup.−10, and a ratio G2/G1 of G2 to G1 is from 0.10 to 0.60, when a conductivity of the toner measured at a frequency of 0.01 Hz under a pressure of 1,000 kPa is designated by G1 in S/m, and a conductivity of the toner measured at a frequency of 0.01 Hz under a pressure of 100 kPa is designated by G2 in S/m.

A toner comprising a toner particle and an external additive, wherein the toner particle comprises a core comprising a resin A and a shell comprising a resin B on the surface of the core, the external additive comprises a hydrotalcite particle A, fluorine and aluminum are present in an inner part of the hydrotalcite particle A in line analysis in STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, and a concentration ratio of the number of fluorine atoms relative to aluminum atoms (F/Al) in the hydrotalcite particle A, as determined by primary component mapping of the hydrotalcite particle A in the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, is 0.01 to 0.60.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, a fatty acid metal salt particle on a surface of the toner particle, and a hydrotalcite particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the hydrotalcite particle comprises fluorine, the fluorine is present inside the hydrotalcite particle in line analysis of STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, and when an area ratio of the fatty acid metal salt particle to the toner particle in an EDS measurement field, which is measured through the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, is defined as Si (%) and an area ratio of the hydrotalcite particle to the toner particle in the EDS measurement field, which is measured through the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, is defined as H1 (%), S1/H1 is 0.25 to 9.00.

A developing apparatus comprising a toner and a toner bearing member for bearing the toner, wherein the volume resistivity of the toner is from 1.0×10.sup.10 Ω.Math.cm to 1.0×10.sup.14 Ω.Math.cm, a toner bearing member exhibits multiple elementary processes, the volume resistance value Rdr per unit area of the toner bearing member is from 5.0×10.sup.5 Ω/cm.sup.2 to 2.0×10.sup.8 Ω/cm.sup.2, the capacitance Cdr per unit area of the toner bearing member is from 300 pF/cm.sup.2 to 900 pF/cm.sup.2, and the capacitance per unit area and volume resistance value of the toner as converted by a parallel plate capacitor model at a thickness of 1.5 times the weight-average particle diameter of the toner are in specific relationships.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a core particle comprising a binder resin, and a shell on a surface of the core particle, wherein the shell comprises an oxazoline group and a polyvalent metal, and in an electron image of a cross-section of the toner particle taken with a transmission electron microscope, the polyvalent metal has atomic concentration C(M) of 0.0010 to 0.5000 atomic % as measured by energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the shell.

A toner comprises a toner particle comprising a core particle comprising a resin component, a shell coating the surface of the core particle, and a polyvalent metal. The resin component comprises a polyester resin, and the shell comprises an amino resin; in an electron image of a cross section of the toner acquired using a transmission electron microscope, a polyvalent metal content P(M) obtained by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis at the core/shell interface and in the vicinity of this interface is 0.0010 to 2.00 atomic %; and the surface storage elastic modulus of the toner at a load of 30 μN at 25° C., according to nanoindentation measurement of the toner, is from 6.50 GPa to 12.00 GPa.

A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes: performing first aggregation involving aggregating at least resin particles and releasing agent particles to prepare a dispersion A that contains first aggregated particles that will form a core; performing second aggregation involving adding, to the dispersion A, a dispersion B that contains shell resin particles that will form a shell so as to cause the shell resin particles to adhere to the first aggregated particles and form second aggregated particles; and performing fusion involving heating and fusing the second aggregated particles to form toner particles, in which a solid component concentration (A) of the dispersion A and a solid component concentration (B) of the dispersion B satisfy a relationship, (A)<(B).

An image forming method includes forming an image by transferring and fixing white toner and color toner of at least one color to a recording medium, wherein when an endothermic peak top temperature and a toner softening point in a first temperature increasing process in differential scanning calorimetry of the white toner are Tmw (° C.) and Tspw (° C.), respectively, and an endothermic peak top temperature and a toner softening point in a first temperature increasing process in differential scanning calorimetry of the color toner are Tmc (° C.) and Tspc (° C.), respectively, Equations (1) and (2) below are satisfied:
[Math. 1]
3≤(Tmc−Tmw)≤20  (1)
Tspw>Tspc  (2)

A two component developer comprising a toner and a specific magnetic carrier, wherein a toner particle in the toner comprises a surface layer comprising an organosilicon polymer, electrical conductivity of a filtrate obtained by filtering off the toner using a specific procedure is 1.0 to 2.5 μS/cm, and when dC (atomic %) denotes carbon concentration, dO (atomic %) denotes oxygen concentration and dSi (atomic %) denotes silicon concentration, as measured by ESCA, at the surface of the toner particle, then the dC, the dO and the dSi satisfy the following formulae:

40.0≤dC/(dC+dO+dSi)×100≤60.0

10.0≤dSi/(dC+dO+dSi)×100≤26.0.

A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes preparing a dispersion that contains first resin particles; forming first aggregated particles at a pH of less than 7.0 by adding an aggregating agent to the dispersion so as to aggregate the first resin particles; forming second aggregated particles by adding second resin particles to the dispersion that has undergone the forming of the first aggregated particles so as to aggregate the second resin particles onto the first aggregated particles; adjusting a pH of the dispersion that has undergone the forming of the second aggregated particles to 7.0 or more so as to prepare a dispersion of aggregated particles in which aggregation of the resin particles has been terminated; adding an anionic surfactant to the dispersion having a pH adjusted to 7.0 or more; and forming core-shell toner particles by heating the dispersion containing the anionic surfactant so as to fuse and coalesce the aggregated particles in which aggregation of the resin particles has been terminated. Releasing agent particles are added to the dispersion during the preparing of the dispersion or during the forming of the second aggregated particles, or during both the preparing of the dispersion and the forming of the second aggregated particles.