The toner comprises a toner particle that comprises a binder resin-containing core particle and a thermosetting resin-containing shell on the surface of the core particle, wherein the binder resin includes at least one of (i) a vinyl resin and a polyester resin and (ii) a hybrid resin in which a vinyl resin and a polyester resin are bonded; the polyester resin comprises in a main chain thereof a cyclic structure, and the content of the polyester resin in the tetrahydrofuran-soluble matter of the toner is at least 51 mass%; the vinyl resin comprises a prescribed monomer unit; the thermosetting resin is at least one resin selected from melamine resins, urea resins, and oxazoline group-bearing vinyl resins; and the average circularity of the toner is in a prescribed range.

Provided are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each capable of suppressing an image defect (coarseness in a halftone image) caused by toner scattering in association with a charging failure that occurs when the process speed of the electrophotographic apparatus is further increased. The process cartridge includes: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; and a developing unit, which includes a toner storing portion that stores a toner, and which supplies the toner to a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface protective layer containing an electroconductive particle in an appropriate amount, and the volume resistivity of the surface protective layer is controlled. As the toner, there is used a toner in which an organosilicon polymer is present on the surface of a toner particle, a silanol group is present in part of the organosilicon polymer, and the amount of the silanol group is controlled.

A toner includes toner base particles each containing a binder resin and a release agent, and resin particles on a surface of each of the toner base particles. A ratio (Iw/Ir) is 0.10 or more and 0.30 or less, where Ir is a peak height of the binder resin and Iw is a peak height of the release agent, as measured through attenuated total reflection (ATR). A standard deviation σ (nm) of distances L (nm) between the resin particles that are adjacent to each other on the surface of each of the toner base particles is 150 nm or more and 500 nm or less.

An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner particles each including a toner core (10) and a shell layer (20) covering a surface of the toner core (10). The shell layer (20) contains a hydrophilic thermosetting resin and a hydrophobic thermoplastic resin. The hydrophilic thermosetting resin is a resin having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of oxazoline groups, carbodiimide groups, and isocyanate groups. The hydrophobic thermoplastic resin is exposed at surfaces of the toner particle.

An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner particles each including a core and a shell layer. The shell layer is a collection of resin particles having the same composition (primary particle diameter of at least 90% by number of the resin particles: 20 nm-30 nm). The shell layer includes a first shell layer, which is a film including the resin particles in a non-aggregated state, and a second shell layer, which is a plurality of particle aggregates (secondary particle diameter of at least 90% by number of the particle aggregates: 100 nm-150 nm). The particle aggregates each include the resin particles in an aggregated state. The surface of the core is entirely covered with the shell layer. The second shell layer is present in a surface of the toner particle in a proportion of at least 5% by area and no greater than 15% by area.

A hybrid toner includes a core having at least one amorphous polyester resin and at least one crystalline polyester resin, and at least one styrene/acrylate resin, a shell comprising at least one styrene/acrylate resin, at least one wax, and optionally a pigment dispersion, the first modulated differential calorimetry scan of the hybrid toner shows at least two melting point peaks below about 80° C., and the difference between the two melting point peaks is less than or equal to about 15° C.

A chemically prepared toner composition made up of a toner particle with a core having a first polymer binder, a monomer free radical polymerization formed core shell styrene acrylic latex having a liquid gel core, a pigment, a wax, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same is disclosed. An optional borax coupling agent can be placed between the outer surface of the core and the shell to assist in the binding of the polymer found in the shell onto the surface of the toner core containing the first polymer.

A chemically prepared toner composition made up of a toner particle with a core having a first polymer binder, a monomer free radical polymerization formed core shell styrene acrylic latex having a liquid gel core, a pigment, a wax, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same is disclosed. An optional borax coupling agent can be placed between the outer surface of the core and the shell to assist in the binding of the polymer found in the shell onto the surface of the toner core containing the first polymer.

A glittering toner includes: a flat metallic pigment having a surface coated with a resin; a polyester-styrene acrylic composite resin; and a polyester resin. When a solubility parameter of the polyester-styrene acrylic composite resin is represented by SP1 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 and a solubility parameter of the polyester resin is represented by SP2 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2, the SP1 and the SP2 satisfy a relational expression (1): [SP2−SP1>0.3] and the SP1 satisfies a relational expression (2): [10<SP1].

An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes a plurality of toner particles each including a composite core and a shell layer covering a surface of the composite core. The composite core is a composite of a toner core and a plurality of organic particles each adhering to a surface of the toner core. The shell layer contains a first resin having a glass transition point of at least 50° C. and no greater than 90° C. The organic particles each contain a releasing agent and a second resin having a glass transition point of at least 90° C. and no greater than 110° C.