A toner contains toner particles having a surface layer containing an organosilicon polymer. The organosilicon polymer has a particular partial structure. The surface layer has a particular average thickness Dav. The ratio of silicon ions to carbon ions emitted from the toner particles in response to irradiation of the toner particles with primary ions in mapping measurement by FIB-TOF-SIMS is specified.

There is provided a toner set including a yellow toner, a cyan toner and a magenta toner, the toners each comprising an external additive and colored resin particles comprising a binder resin, a colorant and a charge control agent. An absolute value of an average of q/d for any of the yellow, cyan and magenta toners is expressed by charge amount q (fC) and particle diameter d (m). It is obtained by measurement using an electric field detachment-type charge amount distribution measurement device. It is in a range of 2.0 to 6.5 fC/10 m, and a standard deviation (SD) of q/d is 13 fC/10 m or less. A difference between average values of q/d for any two of the yellow, cyan and magenta toners is 2.0 fC/10 m or less. A difference (SD) between standard deviations of q/d for the two toners is 5.0 fC/10 m or less.

Metal-oxide composite particles are used as a toner additive.

A magnetic toner including: magnetic toner particles containing a binder resin, a magnetic body, and a release agent; and inorganic fine particles present on the surface of the magnetic toner particles, wherein the inorganic fine particles present on the surface of the magnetic toner particles contain metal oxide fine particles, the metal oxide fine particles containing silica fine particles, and optionally containing titania fine particles and alumina fine particles, and a content of the silica fine particles being at least 85 mass % with respect to a total mass of the silica fine particles, the titania fine particles and the alumina fine particles, wherein the magnetic toner has a coverage ratio A of the magnetic toner particles' surface by the inorganic fine particles and a coverage ratio B of the magnetic toner particles' surface by the inorganic fine particles fixed to the magnetic toner particles' surface that reside in prescribed numerical value ranges; the binder resin contains a styrene resin; the release agent contains a monoester compound or a diester compound; and the softening temperature and softening point of the magnetic toner reside in prescribed temperature ranges.

A magnetic toner contains magnetic toner particles containing a binder resin, a release agent, and a magnetic body, and inorganic fine particles present on the surface of the magnetic toner particles, wherein a ratio of coverage of the magnetic toner particles' surface by the inorganic fine particles is in a prescribed range for the magnetic toner, the inorganic fine particles contain prescribed metal oxide fine particles, with at least 85 mass % of the metal oxide fine particles being silica fine particles, the coefficient of variation on the coverage ratio A is in a prescribed range, the binder resin contains a styrene resin, in a GPC measurement of a THF-soluble matter in the magnetic toner, a peak molecular weight (Mp) of a main peak is in a prescribed range, and a prescribed fatty acid ester compound is incorporated as a release agent.

Metal oxides surface modified with M and D groups where the D groups are in excess relative to the M groups exhibit high rheology properties in liquid compositions and provide products with elevated mechanical properties. The modified metal oxides contain a significant quantity of unreacted silanol groups, and can be more easily incorporated into polar organic substances, and also increase physical properties of cured polymers containing the modified metal oxides.

A color toner image with a metallic effect can be prepared by forming one or more latent images and developing them with non-conductive metallic dry toner particles and color toner particles. The developed color toner image can be transferred to a receiver material, and fixed to provide a color toner image with a metallic effect. The non-conductive metallic dry toner particles have a polymeric binder phase and non-conductive metal oxide particles dispersed therein. Before fixing, each non-conductive metallic dry toner particle has a mean volume weighted diameter (D.sub.vol) of 15-40 m and the non-conductive metal oxide particles are present in an amount of at least 20-50 weight %. The ratio of the non-conductive metallic dry toner particle D.sub.vol to the average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the non-conductive metallic dry toner particles is greater than 0.1 and up to and including 10.

A charge control agent-silicone oil composition includes a silicone oil and a charge control agent, the charge control agent being covalently linked to the silicone oil or is homogenously dispersed in the silicone oil as a dispersion. A method includes reacting an electrophilically-activated silicone oil with a charge control agent, thereby covalently linking the charge control agent to the silicone oil to provide a charge control agent-functionalized silicone oil. A bio-based toner includes a resin blend that includes a petroleum based resin and a bio-based resin, a charge control agent-silicone oil, a colorant, and a silica and/or titania additive, the toner having a bio-content of greater than about 25% by weight and does not exhibit moisture sensitivity.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a binder resin containing a polyester resin, a release agent, a colorant, and an aromatic aldehyde compound, the content of which exceeds 100 ppm and is equal to or smaller than 1200 ppm.

An external additive for toner includes a particulate obtained from a silicone compound selected from a silane compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, Si(OR.sup.1).sub.4, wherein each R.sup.1 is independently a C1 to C6 monovalent hydrocarbon group, a hydrolysis-condensation product of the silane compound, and a combination thereof, wherein the particulate has an average particle diameter ranging from about 50 nm to about 250 nm and a true density ranging from about 1.80 g/cm.sup.3 to about 2.00 g/cm.sup.3.