A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a binder resin, wherein the surface of the toner particle has a reaction product of a polyhydric acid and a compound that contains a group 4 element.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, wherein a layer comprising an organosilicon condensate is present on the surface of the toner particle; the layer comprising the organosilicon condensate further comprises a reaction product of a compound comprising at least one metal element selected from all the metal elements belonging to Groups 3 to 13, and a polyhydric acid; in a backscattered electron image of the toner captured at a magnification of 50,000 times by using a scanning electron microscope, an average value of an area of the reaction product is from 10 nm.sup.2 to 5000 nm.sup.2, and a coefficient of variation of the area of the reaction product is not more than 10.0.

An image forming method uses a color toner including a yellow toner, a magenta toner, a cyan toner, and a black toner. The image forming method includes a toner image forming step of forming a toner image by developing the color toner on an electrostatic latent image formed by charging and exposing a surface of an electrostatic latent image bearing member, a transfer step of transferring the toner image onto a recording medium to form a color toner image, and a fixing step of fixing the color toner image on the recording medium. Each toner contain at least a binder resin, a coloring agent, a release agent, and a layered silicate compound. The volume average particle diameter of each toner is 4 to 6 m. The content of the aluminum element in each toner represented by the Net intensity by WDXRF analysis has a specific relationship.

Provided is a toner including a binder resin, a release agent, and a charge-controlling agent, wherein the toner includes toner particles having particle diameters of 3 micrometers or smaller, among the toner particles having particle diameters of 3 micrometers or smaller, a proportion of the toner particles having an average circularity of 0.70 or greater but 0.85 or less in all of the toner particles is 10% by number or greater but less than 20% by number and a proportion of the toner particles having an average circularity of less than 0.70 in all of the toner particles is 10% by number or less.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: a toner particle having average circularity of 0.91 or more and 0.98 or less, a silica particle externally added to the toner particle, and a strontium titanate particle that is externally added to the toner particle, that has an average primary particle diameter of 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, that has average primary particle circularity of 0.82 or more and 0.94 or less, and circularity that becomes 84% of accumulation of the primary particle of more than 0.92.

Coating material (237) being processable by non-impact printing to form at least a part of a coating layer (206) representing an image; the coating material (237) comprising an amorphous resin portion and being curable; the coating material (237) being configured for being applied with a thickness of at least 15 m; wherein preferably the coating material (237) is configured for being applied with a thickness of at least 20 in particular with a thickness of at least 30 further in particular with a thickness of at least 40 m; the coating material comprising one or more of the following: (i) a polyester resin comprising at least one incorporated acid monomer and wherein at least 10 weight percent of the at least one incorporated acid monomer is isophthalic acid; (ii) a polyester resin containing 1 to 100 w-% of cycloaliphatic glycol compounds with respect to the total weight of the glycol compounds of the polyester resin component, in particular 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol and/or 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol; (iii) an acrylic resin; (iv) a fluorine containing polymer, in particular a hydroxyl functional fluorine polymer; (v) a polyurethane resin.

A cartridge includes a cleaning member configured to retain specific particles having a smaller equivalent sphere diameter than toner particles at a contact region. The specific particles contain an organosilicon polymer having a partial structure represented by RSiO.sub.3/2, wherein R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The atomic concentration dSi of silicon in the specific particles satisfies 1.0 atomic %dSi29.0 atomic % when the total atomic concentration of silicon, oxygen, and carbon in the specific particles is measured to be 100.0 atomic % by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Also, the specific particles satisfy L2/L33/4 or L2/L34/3 when assuming that the specific particles have three lengths L1, L2, and L3 in three axis directions in a three-dimensional coordinate system, wherein L1 is the longest one of the three lengths, in an average value of a unit volume.

A toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner core and a shell layer covering a surface of the toner core. The toner core contains composite particles. The composite particles are particles of a composite of a releasing agent, an electrically conductive polymer, and a dopant. A ratio of an amount of the composite particles to a mass of the toner cores is at least 0.5% by mass and no greater than 15.0% by mass.

A toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner core and a shell layer covering a surface of the toner core. The toner core contains composite particles. The composite particles are particles of a composite of a releasing agent, an electrically conductive polymer, and a dopant. A ratio of an amount of the composite particles to a mass of the toner cores is at least 0.5% by mass and no greater than 15.0% by mass.

An electrostatic image developing toner includes a toner particle and an external additive. The toner particle contains a binder resin and a release agent that includes a hydrocarbon wax. The binder resin includes a vinyl resin and a hybrid resin in which an amorphous resin unit other than polyester resins and a crystalline polyester resin unit are chemically bound together. The toner particle has hybrid resin domains and release agent domains. An average distance Lhyb from the surface of the toner particle to the centers of the hybrid resin domains and an average distance Lwax from the surface of the toner particle to the centers of the release agent domains satisfy Lwax<Lhyb.