A toner includes a plurality of toner particles and a plurality of lubricant particles. The lubricant particles each include a core and a coat layer covering a surface of the core. The core contains stearic acid, palmitic acid, or a combination thereof. The coat layer has a thickness of at least 10 nm and no greater than 50 nm.

Herein is disclosed an electrostatic ink composition, wherein the composition is formable by combining: chargeable particles comprising a resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups, and a cyclic anhydride. Also disclosed herein is a method of forming an electrostatic ink composition, and a method of electrostatic printing.

This invention provides metal oxide particles surface-treated with a hydrophobicity-imparting agent, methods of making such, and toner compositions comprising the same.

A toner is provided, where good cleanability is exhibited, abrasion variations of the photo conductor surface is reduced, and contamination of a charge member is reduced. The toner includes toner particles and organic-inorganic composite fine particles on the toner particle surfaces, wherein each of the organic-inorganic composite fine particles is a particle in which inorganic fine particles are exposed at the surfaces of vinyl based resin particles in such a way that convex portions derived from the inorganic fine particles are formed on the surfaces, the average circularity of the toner is 0.960 or more, and the absolute value Q of the amount of triboelectricity of the toner measured by a two-component method and the electrostatic adhesion F of the toner satisfy 0.003F/Q.sup.20.040.

The disclosure concerns an electrostatic latent image developer including: a toner having toner base particles and an external additive; and a carrier, wherein the external additive contains silicone oil-treated silica and titanium oxide, Net intensity of titanium (Ti) in the toner to be measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis is 0.5 to 5 kcps, the carrier has a resin coating layer coating core material particles, and the resin coating layer has a constituent unit formed from an alicyclic (meth)acrylic acid ester.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a white pigment being acicular titanium oxide having an average aspect ratio within a range of 3 to 30.

Toner particles each contain a binder resin and a releasing agent. The releasing agent includes an ester mixture. The ester mixture includes an ester and a fatty acid. The ester includes at least one monoester. The monoester is a dehydration condensation product of a monovalent linear saturated carboxylic acid and a monovalent linear saturated alcohol. The fatty acid includes at least one monovalent linear saturated carboxylic acid. The fatty acid includes a monovalent linear saturated carboxylic acid having a carbon number of at least 14 and no greater than 24 but does not include a monovalent linear saturated carboxylic acid having a carbon number of less than 14 or a monovalent linear saturated carboxylic acid having a carbon number of greater than 24. The fatty acid has a melting point of 60 C. to 80 C. The fatty acid accounts for 5% by mass to 20% by mass of the ester mixture.

A toner including: a toner particle including a toner base particle containing a binder resin, and an organosilicon condensate present on a surface of the toner base particle, wherein a charge attenuation constant of the toner is 3.510.sup.3 or more to 1.010.sup.0 or less.

A toner including a toner particle; and an external additive, wherein the external additive contains strontium titanate particle, and when in a projected image of the strontium titanate particle photographed using a scanning electron microscope, a standard deviation of a distance from a center of the projected image to an outline of the projected image is Ds, and a circle-equivalent diameter of the projected image is Da, a value CV calculated by Equation (1) is 0.07 or less,

CV=Ds/(Da/2)(1).

A toner comprises a toner particle containing an amorphous polyester, wherein the amorphous polyester contains an amorphous polyester 1, the amorphous polyester contains a tin compound and a titanium compound, a Sn/Ti abundance ratio between Sn and Ti in the amorphous polyester according to x-ray fluorescence analysis is 20/80 to 80/20, and a weight-average molecular weight Mw1 of the amorphous polyester 1 according to measurement by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is Mw1<7,000.