Provided is such a toner that a pigment is dispersed in a toner particle containing a large amount of a crystalline resin, that is, a toner excellent in low-temperature fixability and coloring power, wherein the toner is a toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin, a pigment and a pigment dispersant, wherein the binder resin contains 20.0% by mass or more and 100.0% by mass or less of a crystalline resin, wherein the pigment dispersant is a polymer containing a specific structure that interacts with the pigment and a specific monomer unit that interacts with the crystalline resin.

An image forming apparatus includes a magnetic toner, an image bearing member, and a development device. The image bearing member is an amorphous silicon photosensitive drum. The magnetic toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle containing a binder resin and a magnetic powder and alumina particles attached to a surface of the toner mother particle. The alumina particles each include a core containing alumina and a conductive layer covering the core. The conductive layer contains antimony tin oxide. The alumina particles have a number average primary particle diameter of at least 0.15 ?m and no greater than 0.50 ?m. The alumina particles have a specific resistance of no greater than 250 ?.Math.cm. The alumina particles have an X-ray intensity ratio of at least 0.25 and no greater than 0.35.

Provided is such a toner that a pigment is dispersed in a toner particle containing a large amount of a crystalline resin, that is, a toner excellent in low-temperature fixability and coloring power. The toner is a toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin, a pigment and a pigment dispersant, wherein the binder resin contains from 20.0% to 100.0% by mass of a crystalline resin, wherein the pigment dispersant is a polymer containing a specific structure that interacts with the pigment and a specific polymer moiety that interacts with the crystalline resin.

A toner containing: a toner particle containing a binder resin; and an external additive, wherein a peak corresponding to boric acid is detected in ATR-IR analysis of the toner particle using germanium as an ATR crystal in an ATR method, the external additive contains a hydrophobized fine alumina particle produced by surface-treating a fine alumina particle, which is a fine base particle, with a hydrophobic treatment agent, the hydrophobized fine alumina particle has a hydrophobicity of 50 or more and 90 or less, the hydrophobized fine alumina particle has a volume resistivity of 1.0?10.sup.8 ?.Math.cm or more and 1.0?10.sup.12 ?.Math.cm or less, and a rate of atoms originated from the fine base particle in the hydrophobized fine alumina particle is 30 atomic % or more and 70 atomic % or less.

A toner is provided that contains a mother toner particle containing a binder resin, a release agent, and a charge control agent and an external additive containing a hydrophobized polymethylsilsesquioxane particle, wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature of from 48 to 60 degrees C., and the temperature of 1.0 g of the toner is from 54 to 65 degrees C. when the 1.0 g of the toner is pushed in 0.1 mm by the piston of a flow tester in heating the 1.0 g of the toner from 40 degrees C. at a temperature rising speed of 3 degrees C. per minute under a load of 22.5 kgf.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: a toner particle containing a binder resin; and an external additive including a silica particle having a circularity of more than 0.5 and 0.9 or less and a volume average particle diameter of more than 100 nm and 300 nm or less, in which a total Net intensity N.sub.A of an alkali metal element and an alkaline earth metal element in the toner particle measured by fluorescence X-ray analysis is 0.10 kcps or more and 1.20 kcps or less.

Metal oxide-polymer composite particles have a median particle size D50 of 40-75 nm or 100-150 nm and an average RTA of at least 0.06. Alternatively or in addition, metal oxide-polymer composites comprise two or more populations of metal oxide particles differing in size, particle size distribution, or shape. Alternatively or in addition, the use of a multicomponent hydrophobizing system including an alkylsilane to fabricate metal oxide-polymer composite particles increases the tribocharge of the composite particles.

Disclosed herein are methods of electrostatically printing a cyclodextrin composition on a substrate, the method including forming an electrostatically printable composition comprising a polymer and one or more cyclodextrins, one or more cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, or a combination thereof, and electrostatically printing the composition on a substrate. Also described are electrostatically printable compositions, methods of making the compositions, printing systems employing the compositions, substrates having the composition electrostatically printed thereon, laminates thereof, and uses of the printed substrates and laminates.

A toner comprising an external additive A, and a toner particle containing a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the external additive A: i) is an external additive that has a charge control agent on the surface thereof; ii) has a wall friction angle calculated from the following formula (1) of not more than 25.0
=/5.0formula (1);
iii) has a number-average particle diameter (D1) of primary particles of at least 70 nm and not more than 500 nm; and iv) has a solidity as given by the following formula (2) of at least 0.40 and not more than 0.90
solidity=area of external additive A/area of region encompassed by envelope for external additive A formula (2).

A toner comprising an external additive A, and a toner particle containing a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the external additive A: i) is an external additive that has a charge control agent on the surface thereof; ii) has a wall friction angle calculated from the following formula (1) of not more than 25.0
=/5.0formula (1);
iii) has a number-average particle diameter (D1) of primary particles of at least 70 nm and not more than 500 nm; and iv) has a solidity as given by the following formula (2) of at least 0.40 and not more than 0.90
solidity=area of external additive A/area of region encompassed by envelope for external additive A formula (2).