A method for forming on a substrate (108; 214) a pattern of a material, the method comprising: providing (S100) a material layer (104); providing (S104, S106) an adhesive layer (106), wherein at least one of the material layer (104) or the adhesive layer (106) comprises a pattern corresponding to the pattern to be formed on the substrate (108; 214); and transferring (S108) the material to the substrate (108; 214) with the adhesive fixing the material to a surface (110; 216) of the substrate (108; 214). This solves the problem of forming on a substrate a pattern of a material that, in general, cannot be applied to the substrate directly due to the fact that the material cannot be printed and/or has no or reduced adherence properties with respect to the substrate.

A part material for printing three-dimensional parts with an electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system, the part material including a composition having a grafted copolymer (including acrylonitrile units, butadiene units, aromatic units modified with polycarbonate and poly(styrene-co-maleimide)), a charge control agent, and a heat absorber. The part material is provided in a powder form having a controlled particle size, and is configured for use in the electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system having a layer transfusion assembly for printing the three-dimensional parts in a layer-by-layer manner.

A part material for printing three-dimensional parts with an electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system, the part material including a composition having a grafted copolymer (including acrylonitrile units, butadiene units, aromatic units modified with polycarbonate and poly(styrene-co-maleimide)), a charge control agent, and a heat absorber. The part material is provided in a powder form having a controlled particle size, and is configured for use in the electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system having a layer transfusion assembly for printing the three-dimensional parts in a layer-by-layer manner.

An image forming apparatus which is capable of reading an original, temporarily storing image data in a storage unit, and then transferring the image data to an image forming unit to improve FCOT in forming an image. A memory stores image data output from image reading units. An image forming unit forms an image on a recording medium based on the image data stored in the memory. A first memory output frequency in a first mode in which one side of an original is read and an image is formed on one side of a recording medium is lower than a second memory output frequency in a second mode in which both sides of an original are read and an image is formed both sides of a recording medium.

An image forming apparatus which is capable of reading an original, temporarily storing image data in a storage unit, and then transferring the image data to an image forming unit to improve FCOT in forming an image. A memory stores image data output from image reading units. An image forming unit forms an image on a recording medium based on the image data stored in the memory. A first memory output frequency in a first mode in which one side of an original is read and an image is formed on one side of a recording medium is lower than a second memory output frequency in a second mode in which both sides of an original are read and an image is formed both sides of a recording medium.

An electrophotographic component includes a substrate and an optional cushioning layer disposed on the substrate. The optional cushioning layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicones, fluorosilicones and fluoroelastomers. An optional release layer is disposed on the substrate and if present, on the optional cushioning layer. The optional release layer comprises a fluoropolymer. The substrate, the optional cushioning layer, the optional release layer, or any combination thereof, comprise a plurality of fluorinated boron nitride nanosheets. The electrophotographic component comprises at least one layer selected from the optional cushioning layer and the optional release layer.

An image forming apparatus includes a control unit that causes a supply operation to form a predetermined toner image and supplies toner of the predetermined toner image to a contact portion between a cleaning member and a photosensitive member at a non-image forming time. During at least a period in which toner of the predetermined toner image on the photosensitive member passes through a transfer unit during the supply operation, the control unit causes application of a pass-through voltage having the same polarity as a normal charge polarity of the toner and an absolute value that is less than an electric potential of a portion that is exposed by an exposure device of the photosensitive member, or having a reverse polarity that is reverse to the normal charge polarity of the toner to be applied from the transfer power supply to the transfer member.

An image forming apparatus includes a control unit that causes a supply operation to form a predetermined toner image and supplies toner of the predetermined toner image to a contact portion between a cleaning member and a photosensitive member at a non-image forming time. During at least a period in which toner of the predetermined toner image on the photosensitive member passes through a transfer unit during the supply operation, the control unit causes application of a pass-through voltage having the same polarity as a normal charge polarity of the toner and an absolute value that is less than an electric potential of a portion that is exposed by an exposure device of the photosensitive member, or having a reverse polarity that is reverse to the normal charge polarity of the toner to be applied from the transfer power supply to the transfer member.

Press-bonded sheets such as a crimped post card are manufactured by forming a composite layer of an adhesive layer laminated on a toner image formed on a base sheet, then opposing the composite layer and another composite layer formed on the same sheet or a different sheet, and press-bonding the opposed composite layers under heat. The difference in solubility parameter (SP value) between the printing toner and the powder adhesive is 1.0 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 or more.

3-D printers include a transfuse station having at least one roller on one side of the ITB supporting the ITB, and a transmission device on the same side of the ITB. A platen is included that moves relative to the ITB. The ITB electrostatically transfers a layer made up of the different color build materials and the support material to the platen each time the platen contacts the other side of the ITB at the transfuse station (the side of the ITB opposite the transfuse station roller and transmission device) using vibration and charge devices; and this successively forms multiple layers of the build materials and the support material on the platen.