A self-interference digital holographic system obtains interference patterns of incident light using a simple geometric phase lens, and obtains a holographic image of a target object using the interference patterns. The self-interference digital holographic is fabricated simply in a low cost and in a miniaturized size, and the use thereof as actual products is extended to a wide range of applications. The phase of incident light is be changed by rotating a polarizer, independently of a change in the optical path. Phase-shifting effects are obtained with fewer errors in all wavelength ranges, and a more accurate holographic image is produced. A single birefringence hologram is obtained by a one-time image-capturing process by simultaneously forming interference patterns from phase-shifted linearly-polarized beams by space division, using a phase shifter on the basis of space division. Moving holographic images can be captured.

A direct-retina holographic projection system includes first and second spatial light modulators (SLMs) and a control module. The first SLM receives a beam of light and dithers the beam of light at a predetermined frequency to provide multiple instances of the beam of light. The second SLM receives the instances of the beam of light, displays an encoded phase hologram of a graphic image to be projected, and diffracts the instances of the beam of light to provide instances of the encoded phase hologram with the same graphic image but multiplied with dithered wavefronts. The control module: iteratively adjusts a parameter of the first SLM to generate the instances of the beam of light; and controls operation of the second SLM to, based on the instances of the beam of light, display multiple instances of the graphic image on a retina of an eye of a viewer.

According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided an optical device (1) for modulating incident light (L), comprising a resonance defining layer structure (110) comprising an optical state change material (112), and an electrode layer (120) comprising at least two spaced-apart electrode elements (121, 122, 123). The electrode elements are individually addressable and arranged to cause an optical state change of a portion of the optical state change material between a first state and a second state, wherein the portion forms a geometric structure (131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136) defined by the arrangement of the at least two spaced-apart electrode elements. The optical state change material is configured to alter an optical response of the optical device upon the optical state change between the first state and the second state, thereby determining the modulation of the incident light.

An optical device (100) for forming a distribution of a three-dimensional light field comprises: an array (102) of unit cells (104), a unit cell (104) being individually addressable for switching the optical property of the unit cell (104) between a first and a second condition; wherein the unit cells (104) are configured to be selectively active or inactive and wherein the array (102) comprises at least a first and a second disjoint subset (110; 112; 114; 116), and wherein the unit cells (104) in a subset (110; 112; 114; 116) are configured to be jointly switched from inactive to active, wherein the active unit cells (104) are configured to interact with an incident light beam (106) for forming the distribution of the three-dimensional light field; and wherein the optical device (100) is configured to address inactive unit cells (104) for switching the optical property of unit cells (104).

There is disclosed a projector arranged to project a light pattern. The projector comprises a spatial light modulator and a light source. The spatial light modulator has an array of pixels arranged to display a phase pattern. The array of pixels may be a substantially planar array of pixels. Each pixel comprises liquid crystals having a director rotatable in a plane of rotation between a first direction and a second direction. The light source is arranged to illuminate the array of pixels with polarised light such that the light is spatially-modulated in accordance with the phase pattern to form the light pattern. It may be said that the light pattern corresponds to the phase pattern. The angle of incidence of the light on the array of pixels is greater than zero and the light is s-polarised. The first direction is parallel to the polarisation direction of the light. The second direction is in the plane of incidence.

The invention provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage.

The invention provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage.

A hologram display device includes a light source unit, a light guide plate, a spatial light modulator, a sensing unit, and a light source driving unit. The light source unit includes a plurality of light sources and emits light when at least one of the plurality of light sources is turned on. The light guide plate converts the light emitted thereto from the light source unit to a planar light beam. The spatial light modulator spatially modulates the planar light beam to produce a hologram image. The sensing unit senses a position of a user watching the hologram image, and the light source driving unit turns on the at least one of the plurality of light sources, based on information on the position of the user obtained by the sensing unit.

A system for generating multi-depth image sequence comprising a modulation array. The modulation array comprising a plurality of light modulators which may shift light incident upon the modulators by a number of degrees. The plurality of light modulators may shift light in concert according to a modulation shift pattern. The modulation shift pattern can be configured to focus incident light to a voxel or to form a 3-D image. One or more modulation shift patterns can be changed or cycled through to raster one or more image objects in one or more image depth planes.

Augmented reality glasses include near eye displays the include sources of imagewise amplitude modulated light optical coupled to spatial phase modulators or active zone plate modulators and optically coupled to eye coupling optics. The sources of imagewise amplitude modulated light can include emissive 2D display panels or light sources coupled to imagewise amplitude modulators. The eye coupling optics can include volume holographic diffraction gratings.