An optical arithmetic-logical unit [“ALU”] processes one or more combined input signals, which result from a combination of multiple elementary input signals, each of which comprises at least one polarization component. One of the combined input signals is a synchronization signal having a phase and an amplitude. At least one laser has an output and is configured to synchronize with the synchronization signal, wherein the synchronization of the laser with the synchronization input signal generates an output signal, which preserves the phase of the synchronization signal but normalizes its amplitude. Generation of the output signal by said normalization of the synchronization signal provides the ALU with a capability of performing one or more arithmetic-logical operations on the one or more combined input signals.

An optical arithmetic-logical unit [“ALU”] processes one or more combined input signals, which result from a combination of multiple elementary input signals, each of which comprises at least one polarization component. One of the combined input signals is a synchronization signal having a phase and an amplitude. At least one laser has an output and is configured to synchronize with the synchronization signal, wherein the synchronization of the laser with the synchronization input signal generates an output signal, which preserves the phase of the synchronization signal but normalizes its amplitude. Generation of the output signal by said normalization of the synchronization signal provides the ALU with a capability of performing one or more arithmetic-logical operations on the one or more combined input signals.

A true random number generator is presented that includes a CMOS matrix detector with a top surface. A shell is positioned over the top surface, and the shell includes a radiation source and a luminophore or scintillator constructed to emit photons towards the top surface when the luminophore or scintillator is struck by electrons from the radioactive decay of the source of the radiation. The CMOS detector matrix is constructed to detect the photons emitted from the luminophore or scintillator and to produce a signal for the detected photons. The signal is communicated to a processor that produces true random numbers based on the signal from the detected photons.

A true random number generator is presented that includes a CMOS matrix detector with a top surface. A shell is positioned over the top surface, and the shell includes a radiation source and a luminophore or scintillator constructed to emit photons towards the top surface when the luminophore or scintillator is struck by electrons from the radioactive decay of the source of the radiation. The CMOS detector matrix is constructed to detect the photons emitted from the luminophore or scintillator and to produce a signal for the detected photons. The signal is communicated to a processor that produces true random numbers based on the signal from the detected photons.

Systems and methods that include: providing input information in an electronic format; converting at least a part of the electronic input information into an optical input vector; optically transforming the optical input vector into an optical output vector based on an optical matrix multiplication; converting the optical output vector into an electronic format; and electronically applying a non-linear transformation to the electronically converted optical output vector to provide output information in an electronic format.

In some examples, a set of multiple input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by optical waveguides. For each of at least two subsets of one or more optical signals, a corresponding set of one or more copying modules splits the subset of one or more optical signals into two or more copies of the optical signals. For each of at least two copies of a first subset of one or more optical signals, a corresponding multiplication module multiplies the one or more optical signals of the first subset by one or more matrix element values using optical amplitude modulation. For results of two or more of the multiplication modules, a summation module produces an electrical signal that represents a sum of the results of the two or more of the multiplication modules.

Systems and methods that include: providing input information in an electronic format; converting at least a part of the electronic input information into an optical input vector; optically transforming the optical input vector into an optical output vector based on an optical matrix multiplication; converting the optical output vector into an electronic format; and electronically applying a non-linear transformation to the electronically converted optical output vector to provide output information in an electronic format. In some examples, a set of multiple input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by optical waveguides. For each of at least two subsets of one or more optical signals, a corresponding set of one or more copying modules splits the subset of one or more optical signals into two or more copies of the optical signals. For each of at least two copies of a first subset of one or more optical signals, a corresponding multiplication module multiplies the one or more optical signals of the first subset by one or more matrix element values using optical amplitude modulation. For results of two or more of the multiplication modules, a summation module produces an electrical signal that represents a sum of the results of the two or more of the multiplication modules.

Provided are a training method for an air quality prediction model, a prediction method and apparatus, a device, a program, and a medium. The method includes the steps described below. A target monitoring range is divided into a plurality of regions; the air quality prediction model is pre-trained by adopting a pre-training sample and a pre-training objective function, where the pre-training sample includes measurement values; and the pre-trained air quality prediction model is trained by adopting a formal training sample and a formal training objective function, where the formal training sample includes the measurement values. The air quality prediction model is configured to predict air quality of the plurality of regions according to spatial information, historical information and environmental information.

Photonic processors are described. The photonic processors described herein are configured to perform matrix multiplications (e.g., matrix vector multiplications). Matrix multiplications are broken down in scalar multiplications and scalar additions. Some embodiments relate to devices for performing scalar additions in the optical domain. One optical adder, for example, includes an interferometer having a plurality of phase shifters and a coherent detector. Leveraging the high-speed characteristics of these optical adders, some processors are sufficiently fast to support clocks in the tens of gigahertz of frequency, which represent a significant improvement over conventional electronic processors.

An optical signal processing device capable of performing computation without changing a device configuration even when the number of input and output dimensions changes is provided. An optical signal processing device for converting an input M (M is an integer equal to or greater than 2)-dimensional input signal to an optical signal to perform signal processing includes an input unit configured to convert the input M-dimensional input signal to a one-dimensional input signal, and perform linear processing on the one-dimensional input signal to convert the one-dimensional input signal to an optical signal, a reservoir unit connected to an output of the input unit and configured to perform linear processing and nonlinear processing on the optical signal, and an output unit connected to an output of the reservoir unit and configured to convert the optical signal to an electrical signal to perform linear processing, and output an N-dimensional output.

An optical signal processing device capable of performing computation without changing a device configuration even when the number of input and output dimensions changes is provided. An optical signal processing device for converting an input M (M is an integer equal to or greater than 2)-dimensional input signal to an optical signal to perform signal processing includes an input unit configured to convert the input M-dimensional input signal to a one-dimensional input signal, and perform linear processing on the one-dimensional input signal to convert the one-dimensional input signal to an optical signal, a reservoir unit connected to an output of the input unit and configured to perform linear processing and nonlinear processing on the optical signal, and an output unit connected to an output of the reservoir unit and configured to convert the optical signal to an electrical signal to perform linear processing, and output an N-dimensional output.