A data storage device includes a memory device and a controller. The controller is configured to select a source block, read metadata associated with the source block and compare to a logical block address to physical block address (L2P) table, determine if a flash management unit (FMU) of the source block is valid, and add a new entry associated with the FMU into a valid FMU buffer when the FMU of the source block is determined to be valid. The controller is further configured to determine that the source block has been fully validated and select a next source block based on a valid counter. The valid counter corresponds to an amount of valid data of the next source block.

Devices and techniques for disposable parity are described herein. First and second portions of data can be obtained, and respective parity values stored in adjacent memory locations. An entry mapping the respective parity values to the first and second portions of data is updated when the parity values are stored. If an error occurs when writing a portion of data, the mapping entry is used to retrieve the parity data to correct the error. Otherwise, the parity data is discarded.

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a memory system and an operating method thereof. The memory system is configured to select, among the plurality of memory blocks, one or more target memory blocks operable to store user data to be accessed by a host which requests the memory system to write data, and determine whether to control a point of execution time of a command received from the host, based on valid page counts of respective target memory blocks.

According to one embodiment, a memory system includes a nonvolatile memory and a controller. The controller acquires, from a host, write data having the same first size as a data write unit of the nonvolatile memory and obtained by dividing write data associated with one write command having a first identifier indicating a first write destination block in a plurality of write destination blocks into a plurality of write data or combining write data associated with two or more write commands having the first identifier. The controller writes the acquired write data having the first size to the first write destination block by a first write operation.

A memory controller, for controlling a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks, includes a garbage collection controller configured to determine candidate blocks in which valid data is equal to or less than a predetermined ratio among the plurality of memory blocks, and configured to determine at least two or more memory blocks as victim blocks among the candidate blocks based on information on blocks that may be simultaneously erased among the plurality of memory blocks. The memory controller also includes an operation controller configured to control the memory device to copy valid data stored in the victim blocks to a different memory block.

A first block that is assigned a first sequence identifier can be identified. A determination can be made as to whether the assigned first sequence identifier satisfies a threshold sequence identifier condition that corresponds to a difference between the first sequence identifier assigned to the first block and second sequence identifier assigned to a second block. In response to determining that the assigned first sequence identifier satisfies the threshold sequence identifier condition, a media management operation can be performed on the first block.

According to one embodiment, a memory system includes a non-volatile memory with a plurality of blocks. The minimum unit of a data erasing operation in the memory system is a block. A controller is electrically connected to the non-volatile memory and configured to execute, in response to a first command from a host requesting a secure erase of secure erase target data stored in a first logical area identified by a first logical area identifier, a copy operation copying valid data other than any secure erase target data from one or more first blocks of the plurality in which the secure erase target data is stored to one or more copy destination blocks of the plurality. The controller executes the data erasing operation on the one or more first blocks after the copy operation.

A method for storing data includes receiving a message to perform garbage collection on a first block of blocks included in a storage apparatus, and, based on the message, performing garbage collection on the first block by storing valid data that is stored in the first block into a second block according to a level of the first block among plural levels. A level of the second block among the plural levels is not lower than the level of the first block.

A storage controller for writing first data to a first memory cell by performing programming of the first memory cell N-times, where N is a positive integer greater than 1, includes a write amplification manager and a central processing unit. The write amplification manager checks whether the first data is invalid data before an N.sup.th programming of the first memory cell is performed, and the central processing unit does not perform the N-th programming of the first memory cell when the first data is the invalid data.

A data storage device includes a memory device and a controller coupled to the memory device. The data storage device supports zoned namespace. The controller is configured to maintain a zone timestamp table that includes a corresponding timestamp for each zone and add a timestamp to each garbage collection block of the memory device. The controller is further configured to scan a garbage collection block from a last physical block address (PBA) entry to a first PBA entry, determine a zone timestamp for the scanned PBA entry, and compare the zone timestamp to a timestamp of the garbage collection block. The controller is further configured to create and maintain a zone timestamp table and create and maintain a zone based defragmentation table.