An image is printed by using a first, second and third ink. A surface tension difference between a first ink and a third ink is smaller than a surface tension difference between the first ink and a second ink. A first gradation value for the first ink, a second gradation value for the second ink and a third gradation value for the third ink are quantized to generate a first quantized value, a second quantized value, and a third quantized value respectively. This quantization processing is performed such that, the number of pixels for each of which the first quantized value indicates printing, a the second quantized value indicates non-printing and the third quantized value indicates non-printing is greater than the number of pixels for each of which the first quantized value indicates printing and at least the second quantized value indicates printing or the third quantized value indicates printing.

A surface tension difference between a first ink and a third ink is smaller than a surface tension difference between the first ink and a second ink. A first gradation value for the first ink is quantized to generate a first quantized value, a second gradation value for the second ink is quantized to generate a second quantized value, and a third gradation value for the third ink is quantized to generate a third quantized value. The above quantization processing is performed such that, in a predetermined pixel region, the number of pixels for each of which the second quantized value and the third quantized value both indicate printing is greater than the number of pixels for each of which the first quantized value and the third quantized value both indicate printing.

The present disclosure relates to a memory module for authentication to be installed on a recycle cartridge capable of initializing, the memory module comprising: a Ferroelectrics Random Access Memory (FRAM); and a controller electrically connected to the FRAM and configured to communicate with an initialization module to perform an initialization authentication algorithm together with the initialization module, thereby initializing the FRAM when the initialization authentication is completed.

According to the present disclosure, the memory module for authentication to be installed on an recycle cartridge where a single unit FRAM is mounted has an effect of the capability of initializing the FRAM and thus reusing the FRAM.

According to an example, a printing system may include printing components, an input voltage engine to determine whether an input voltage level is outside of a predetermined voltage level range, and a printing components engine to control the printing components to operate in one of a normal mode and a reduced throughput mode based upon whether the accessed input voltage level is outside of the predetermined voltage level range.

An image forming apparatus is configured to receive the message window data from the ordering server apparatus, store the message window data in the nonvolatile storage device, display the message window on the display device, detect a request to minimize the message window input via the input device, and then display a minimized GUI on the display device, and detect a request to maximize the minimized GUI input via the input device when the minimized GUI is displayed on the display device, and then read the message window data from the nonvolatile storage device and display the message window on the display device.

A system is disclosed. The system at least one physical memory device to store ink estimation logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute the ink estimation logic to generate first estimated ink usage data for each of one or more color planes based one or more gray level histograms and one or more halftone designs, detect a change to a tone curve of one or more of the color planes, modify the gray level histograms and generate second estimated ink usage data for each of the color planes based on the modified gray level histograms, wherein each gray level histogram corresponds to one of the one or more color planes and each halftone design corresponds to one of the one or more color planes.

An apparatus that operates with a detachable unit mounted therein, includes: a storage unit configured to store a public key; and a verification unit configured to verify data held by the mounted unit, based on the public key. The data includes attribute information indicating an attribute of the unit, and authentication information generated from target information including the attribute information with a secret key paired with the public key and from which the target information is restorable, and the verification unit is further configured to detect an anomaly in the attribute information or the authentication information included in the data, by determining whether the attribute information included in the target information restored from the authentication information using the public key matches the attribute information included in the data.

An image forming apparatus having a detachable replenishment container includes an image bearing member, a developer container, a developing bearing member to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member into a toner image by using toner accommodated in the developer container, and a replenishment port through which the developer container can be replenished with toner from the replenishment container. A restriction member transitions between an allowance state in which the replenishment container and the replenishment port communicate with each and a restriction state in which the replenishment container and the replenishment port are not made to communicate with one another.

A server includes: a communicator communicable with an apparatus configured to perform a scanning operation and a printing operation using an ink-jet head; and a controller. The controller controls the server to: receive, from the apparatus, scan data representing a printing sheet printed by the ink-jet head; determine whether cleaning of the ink-jet head is required, based on the received scan data; transmit permission information to the apparatus when the server determines that the cleaning of the ink-jet head is required, the permission information indicating permission of the cleaning of the ink-jet head; and transmit non-permission information to the apparatus when the server determines that the cleaning of the ink-jet head is not required, the non-permission information indicating non-permission of the cleaning of the ink-jet head.

Example implementations relate to print fluid selection. For example, a system for print fluid detection may include a cloud-based printing platform coupled to a plurality of printing devices. A print fluid selection module may be implemented in the cloud-based printing platform. The print fluid selection module may determine a type of document to be printed by a printing device among the plurality of printing devices, and select a print fluid setting among a plurality of print fluid settings for printing the document, based on the determined document type. The printing fluid selection may be enabled only for printing devices that include authentic components, as verified by a printing supply verification module.