An artificial bone is provided comprising an inner core made from a porous material, the porous material comprising at least one fiber component having fibers, a liquid and a binder, and an outer layer comprising at least one fiber component having fibers, a liquid and a binder, wherein the ratio of the at least one fiber component having fibers to liquid to binder of the inner core is different from the ratio of the at least one fiber component having fibers to liquid to binder of the outer layer.

An injection simulation device for simulating one or more forces of an injection is provided herein. The device may include a housing and a retractable injection simulation member associated with the housing, wherein the retractable injection simulation member retracts according to a multi-phase force profile. The multi-phase force profile includes a first phase configured to simulate a deformation force of pressing a needle against a subject so as to deform at least a first layer of tissue prior to traversing at least the first layer of tissue of the subject, a second phase configured to simulate a puncture rebound force, and a third phase configured to simulate an insertion force.

An injection simulation device for simulating one or more forces of an injection is provided herein. The device may include a housing and a retractable injection simulation member associated with the housing, wherein the retractable injection simulation member retracts according to a multi-phase force profile. The multi-phase force profile includes a first phase configured to simulate a deformation force of pressing a needle against a subject so as to deform at least a first layer of tissue prior to traversing at least the first layer of tissue of the subject, a second phase configured to simulate a puncture rebound force, and a third phase configured to simulate an insertion force.

Systems and methods are disclosed for an apparatus and method for practicing injection techniques through an injectable apparatus. The injectable apparatus may contain a camera that is configured to provide three-dimensional location information for a testing tool based on light attenuated from the testing tool after it is injected into a simulated human or animal body parts. A training tool may be connected to a user display device to generate a display of the injection apparatus as well as the performance parameters of a trainee.

Systems and methods are disclosed for an apparatus and method for practicing injection techniques through an injectable apparatus. The injectable apparatus may contain a camera that is configured to provide three-dimensional location information for a testing tool based on light attenuated from the testing tool after it is injected into a simulated human or animal body parts. A training tool may be connected to a user display device to generate a display of the injection apparatus as well as the performance parameters of a trainee.

Cardiac electrograms are recorded in a plurality of channels. Beats are classified automatically into respective classifications according to a resemblance of the morphologic characteristics of the beats to members of a set of templates. Respective electroanatomic maps of the heart are generated from the classified beats.

An apparatus includes a plurality of segments. The segments collectively forming a 3D hinged model of a living organ derived from a medical imaging file, and the segments are hinged together.

This teaching tool can include: a base having an A base opening, a B base opening, and a Rh base opening; a set of antibody assemblies including; a blood cell model having an set of openings for receiving at least one of a set of antigen assemblies wherein when the A antigen head of the blood cell antigen assembly is received into the A assembly, A agglutinate is represented, wherein the B antigen head of the blood cell antigen assembly is received into the B assembly, B agglutinate is represented, and wherein the Rh antigen head of the blood cell antigen assembly is received into the Rh assembly, Rh agglutinate is represented; and, a capillary representation defining a capillary cavity for comparison with A, B, or Rh agglutinated representations to determine if the A, B or Rh agglutinated can be received in the capillary representation.

[Problem] To evaluate, easily and at low cost, the performance of an earphone device used for ear acoustic certification.

[Solution] Holes are provided in a plurality of plate-shaped members (201), an artificial eardrum member (202) corresponds to the eardrum of an individual, and the holes provided in each of the plurality of plate-shaped members (201) are connected, whereby the plurality of plate-shaped members (201) are layered over the artificial eardrum member (202) so as to simulate the external auditory canal of the individual.

A gastrointestinal simulator system includes a thermoregulated bath, two glass beakers situated within the thermoregulated water bath, and a pump. The beakers simulate the stomach and intestines and are coupled together using a tube. A sieve, positioned within the “stomach,” has a plurality of 2 mm holes on its surface to mimic in vivo conditions, where only particles smaller than 2 mm in diameter are transferred to the “intestines.” These collected particles move from “stomach” (specifically, from the sieve) to the “intestines” through the tube coupling the beakers. Cameras may be located inside the water bath for monitoring/recording of the digestion. Alerts, such as voice alerts, may be generated to notify users of any important information and instructions. After digestion, reports of the digestion are automatically generated and stored in a data repository. One or more users are notified that the reports are available for access.