A defect of a magnetic member is quantitatively measured. An inspection probe (100) includes a magnet (2) and a Hall element (3) which is provided on a magnetic circuit formed by the magnet (2) and a magnetic pipe (P) and which detects a density of a magnetic flux flowing through the magnetic circuit. With use of the inspection probe (100), an output from the Hall element (3) is measured. Based on the output from the Hall element (3), the presence/absence of the defect and a depth of the defect are calculated.

An indirect calibration method for an electromagnetic induction method for determining physical parameters of an electrically conductive medium from a ratio (HS/HP) of a magnetic secondary field (HS), received in a receiving coil, to a magnetic primary field (HP) emitted from a transmitting coil electrically connected to a transmission signal generator, in which as measurement for the ratio (HS/HP) a received voltage (URx) is measured at an output of a receive amplifier electrically connected to the receiving coil, which is calibrated by series connection of at least one calibration coil and of a changeable calibration resistor and of a calibration factor (HCx/HP) which is adjustable therethrough, the receiving coil being permanently inductively coupled with the calibration coil, a calibration pulse, generated in the calibration coil, inducing a calibration field (HCx), inducing a magnetic flux in the receiving coil, areas and winding numbers of the receiving and calibration coils being known.

A method establishes a vehicle area network on a vehicle having a tractor with a tractor wireless hub, the tractor being connected to a first trailer having a first trailer wireless hub. The method activates the tractor hub and the first trailer wireless hub, and shares credentials between the tractor wireless hub and the first trailer wireless hub in accordance with out of band pairing techniques. Typically, the tractor wireless hub acts as an access point for the vehicle area network but the access point can be centralized by: searching down a length of the vehicle to determine relative locations of the tractor wireless hub, the first trailer wireless hub and the second trailer wireless hub; determining a centrally located hub based on the locations; and establishing the centrally located hub as the access point.

A system for measuring brake data from a braking assembly of a vehicle. The braking assembly includes a floating portion that moves relative to brake pad wear. The system includes a brake sensor for each wheel. The brake sensors include a fixed sensing element and a target portion attached for movement with the floating portion. The sensing element generates a signal indicating a position of the target portion. The signal is used to determine brake pad thickness. The brake sensor also transmits the signal over a wireless vehicle area network for receipt and processing by a wireless hub in the vehicle area network. The vehicle area network can generate and transmit an alert and/or instructions for an autonomous vehicle based on the signal.

Various downhole logging tools and methods of using and making the same are disclosed. In one aspect, a downhole logging tool for inspecting one or more well tubulars includes a housing adapted to be supported in the one or more well tubulars by a support cable. A first transmitter, a second transmitter and a third transmitter are positioned in longitudinally spaced-apart relation in the housing and are operable to generate magnetic fields. Driving circuitry is operatively coupled to the first transmitter, the second transmitter and the third transmitter to selectively fire the first transmitter, the second transmitter and the third transmitter in multiple transmission modes to generate magnetic fields to stimulate pulsed eddy currents in the one or more well tubulars. A first receiver is positioned in the housing to sense decaying magnetic fields created by the pulsed eddy currents. Electronic circuitry is operatively coupled to the first receiver to determine a parameter of interest of the one or more well tubular from the sensed decaying magnetic fields.

A method predicts an amount of wear that is expected to occur on the tubes of a steam generator as a result of vibration against another structure within the steam generator. The method includes determining a volumetric amount of material that has been worn from a location on a tube over a duration of time and employing that volume as a function of time to determine the volume of material of the tube wall that is predicted to be worn from the tube or another tube at a future time. The volumetric-based analysis enables more accurately prediction of the wear depth at a future time. This enables the plugging of only those tubes that are determined from a volumetric analysis to be in risk of breach at the future time, thus slowing the rate at which tubes of a steam generator will be plugged.

A thin film measuring apparatus includes a first sensing module, a second sensing module, and a processing device. The thin film measuring apparatus is configured to non-contact measure a multilayer thin film. The first sensing module and the second sensing module are respectively configured to generate alternating magnetic fields, and respectively sense magnetic field changes correspondingly generated by the multilayer thin film. The processing device has a parameter database. The processing device obtains a first impedance value and a second impedance value of the multilayer thin film according to sensing results of the first sensing module and the second sensing module. The processing device performs a thickness calculation operation to obtain a first thickness value and a second thickness value of the multilayer thin film according to the first impedance value, the second impedance value, and the parameter database. A thin film measuring method is also provided.

A method includes deploying an electromagnetic (EM) defect detection tool in a downhole environment having a plurality of tubular strings with different diameters. The method also includes receiving raw measurements collected by the EM defect detection tool. The method also includes deconvolving the raw measurements with another input to obtain deconvolved raw measurements. The method also includes using the deconvolved raw measurements to determine a defect in at least one of the plurality of tubular strings. The method also includes performing, by a device, an operation in response to the determined defect.

An apparatus for chemical mechanical polishing includes a platen having a surface to support a polishing pad, a carrier head to hold a substrate against a polishing surface of the polishing pad, a pad conditioner including a conductive body to be pressed against the polishing surface, an in-situ polishing pad thickness monitoring system including a sensor disposed in the platen to generate a magnetic field that passes through the polishing pad, and a controller configured to receive a signal from the monitoring system and generate a measure of polishing pad thickness based on a portion of the signal corresponding to a time that the sensor is below the conductive body of the pad conditioner.

A sealing arrangement for detecting thickness (t) of a sealing element (2) of a seal (1) wherein the sealing surface (3) at frontside of the sealing element (2) is arranged to be in sliding contact with sealed surface (4), wherein at least one sensor (5) measures the thickness of the sealing element (2) and is mounted to the surrounding component (10) of the sealed surface (4). The sensor (5) is positioned opposite the sealing element (2). The sensor (5) receives a response from a transverse border of the sealing element (2) or from an electrically conductive insert (6) or from an insert (6) of magnetic material, which insert (6) is embedded within the sealing element (2) or is connected to the backside of the sealing element (2). The thickness (t) is detected and/or measured along the length of the sealing element (2).