An infrared detector based on carbon nanotubes is provided. The infrared detector includes a detecting element, a first electrode and a second electrode. The detecting element includes an absorbing part and a non-absorbing part. A first end is located in the absorbing part. A second end is located in the non-absorbing part. An angle between the absorbing part and the non-absorbing part is less than 90 degrees. A first electrode is electrically connected with the first end. A second electrode is electrically connected with the second end.

An optical detector may include an aperture, at least two photodetectors, and a measuring arrangement to quantify light detected at the photodetectors after passing through the aperture without the need for a lens. The aperture may be positioned between a light source and the two photodetectors to allow light from a light source to pass through the aperture to the photodetectors. The photodetectors may include PIN junction photodiodes and may be electrically isolated from each other, positioned next to each other in a side-by-side configuration, and then aligned with the aperture so that a proportion of the quantified light detected at the photodetectors changes as an angle of light from the light source incident to the aperture changes. Optical detectors and methods are provided.

Provided is a solid-state light-receiving device for ultraviolet light, which is capable of measuring an irradiation amount of UV-rays, which are harmful to a human body, accurately and appropriately with a simple structure, and of being formed easily and integrally with sensors of peripheral circuits, and which is small, lightweight, low cost, and suitable for mobile or wearable applications. The solid-state light-receiving device for ultraviolet light includes a first photodiode, a second photodiode, and a differential circuit to which signals based on outputs of those photodiodes are input. The solid-state light-receiving device for ultraviolet light also includes semiconductor layer regions, which are formed in and on the above-mentioned photodiodes, and each of which includes a highest concentration position of semiconductor impurities.

The invention relates to a system (100) for sensing ambient light intensity, comprising a wearable device (10) with at least one pair of light receivers (20, 22, 23, 24, 25) arranged in two different positions for receiving light from the two different directions, and a control unit (110) configured to determine a directional illuminance based on light intensities of the light received by the pair of light receivers (20, 22, 23, 24, 25).

Disposable, pre-sterilized, and pre-calibrated, pre-validated sensor components are provided. The sensor components interact with a sensor system having disposable fluid conduit or bioreactor bag and a reusable sensor assembly. The components can include an optical bench or inset optical component or module designed to be integrated within the disposable fluid conduit or bioreactor bag, which provides an optical light path through the conduit or bag. The sensors systems are designed to store sensor-specific information, such as calibration and production information, in a non-volatile memory chip on the disposable fluid conduit or bag and on the reusable sensor assembly. Methods for calibrating the sensor and for determining a target property of an unknown fluid are also disclosed. The devices, systems and methods relating to the sensor are suitable for and can be outfitted for turbidity sensing.

Disposable, pre-sterilized, and pre-calibrated, pre-validated sensors are provided. The sensor comprises a disposable fluid conduit or bioreactor bag and a reusable sensor assembly. An optical bench or inset optical component or module is integrated within the disposable fluid conduit or bioreactor bag, which provides an optical light path through the conduit or bag. These sensors are designed to store sensor-specific information, such as calibration and production information, in a non-volatile memory chip on the disposable fluid conduit or bag and on the reusable sensor assembly. Methods for calibrating the sensor and for determining a target property of an unknown fluid are also disclosed. The devices, systems and methods relating to the sensor are suitable for and can be outfitted for turbidity sensing.

An optical sensor device includes at least two light receiving units in which a plurality of types of light receiving elements is integrated in the same vertical structure. In addition, the optical sensor device further includes a switch unit configured to select at least one of the light receiving elements in each of the light receiving units in a time-division manner.

A flame detector includes a UV sensor sensitive to solar UV radiation and a secondary sensor sensitive to non-UV radiation. A controller is operatively connected to the UV sensor and the secondary sensor to: signal an alarm in response to receiving input from the UV sensor indicative of a strong UV source and input from the secondary sensor indicative of a weak non-UV radiation source; and suppress an alarm in response to receiving a signal from the UV sensor indicative of a strong UV source and a signal from the secondary sensor indicative of a strong non-UV radiation source.

The present disclosure relates to an optical receiver. The optical receiver has a first photosensor and a second photosensor disposed within a substrate. The first photosensor has a first angled surface located on a first side of a depression within the substrate, and the second photosensor has a second angled surface located on a second side of the depression, opposite the first side of the depression. A plurality of blocking structures are disposed over the substrate. The plurality of blocking structures block radiation that is not incident on the first and second angled surfaces. By receiving incident radiation on the first and second angled surfaces, the first and second photosensors are able to generate directional-dependent photocurrents that vary depending upon an angle of incident radiation. Based upon the directional-dependent photocurrents, an angle of incident radiation can be determined.

An infrared detector includes a detecting element, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a covering structure. The detecting element defines an absorbing part and a non-absorbing part. The detecting element includes a first end and a second end opposite with the first end. The first end is disposed in the absorbing part. The second end is disposed in the non-absorbing part. The first electrode is electrically connected with the first end. The second electrode is electrically connected with the second end. The covering structure covers the non-absorbing part. The detecting element further includes a carbon nanotube layer. The carbon nanotube layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes disposed uniformly.