The present application discloses methods, devices, and systems for generating spatially-resolved quantification of cross-linking in cartilage based on Raman scattering of excitation light. The examples presented demonstrate that the method provides a discriminating power sufficient to distinguish early onset of osteo-arthritis even before a patient is symptomatic.

Systems and methods here may be used for automated capturing and analyzing spectrometer data of multiple sample gemstones on a stage, including mapping digital camera image data of samples, applying a Raman Probe to a first sample gemstone under evaluation on the stage, receiving spectrometer data of the sample gemstone from the probe, automatically moving the stage to a second sample, using the image data, and analyzing the other samples.

A system includes a first optical unit that emits light to a measurement target object and receives first interference light incident from the measurement target object, a second optical unit that emits the light to a reference object configured to have a constant optical path length with respect to a temperature fluctuation and receives second interference light incident from the reference object, a spectroscope connected to the first optical unit and the second optical unit and receives the first interference light and the second interference light to be incident, and a control unit connected to the spectroscope, and the control unit calculates a fluctuation rate of a measurement optical path length with respect to a reference optical path length under a predetermined temperature environment on the basis of the optical path length of the reference object calculated on the basis of the second interference light incident on the spectroscope under the predetermined temperature environment, and the reference optical path length of the reference object acquired in advance, and corrects, on the basis of the fluctuation rate, the optical path length of the measurement target object calculated on the basis of the first interference light incident on the spectroscope under the predetermined temperature environment.

A system for real-time assessment of systemic hydration includes a light source configured to operably emit light of first and second wavelengths; means for delivering the emitted light to a target site to excite at least one first spot at the target site, and collecting Raman scattering light scattered from the target site at a plurality of second spots; a detector coupled with said means for obtaining a plurality of spatially offset Raman spectra from the collected Raman scattering light, each spatially offset Raman spectrum corresponding to a respective second spot of the target site and associated with a depth of tissues at which the Raman scattering light is scattered; and a controller configured to process the plurality of spatially offset Raman spectra so as to identify spectral features from the plurality of spatially offset Raman spectra, and assess systemic hydration from the identified spectral features.

A reflectometry instrument includes a light source for emitting an illumination beam that illuminates the macula. A portion of the illumination beam is reflected from the macula and forms a detection beam. The detection beam is indicative of macular pigment in the macula. The instrument also includes a first mirror for reflecting the illumination beam toward the macula and for reflecting the detection beam from the macula. The instrument is configured so that the illumination beam and the detection beam remain separated between the macula and the first mirror.

A device for generating a plasma and detecting a light signal. The plasma being intended to be generated in the vicinity of a study area of a sample and the light signal originating in the study area. The device including a current generator, an analysis unit, and an electrical and optical waveguide including means for transmitting an electric current configured to generate a plasma at one end of the means for transmitting the electric current in the vicinity of the study zone, means for detecting and transmitting configured to detect and transmit the light signal from the study area to the analysis unit, and an optical cladding portion, the means for transmitting the electric current and the means for detecting and transmitting the light signal being accommodated in the optical cladding portion.

Disclosed are embodiments of an improved apparatus and system, and associated methods for optically diagnosing a semiconductor manufacturing process. A hyperspectral imaging system is used to acquire spectrally-resolved images of emissions from the plasma, in a plasma processing system. Acquired hyperspectral images may be used to determine the chemical composition of the plasma and the plasma process endpoint. Alternatively, a hyperspectral imaging system is used to acquire spectrally-resolved images of a substrate before, during, or after processing, to determine properties of the substrate or layers and features formed on the substrate, including whether a process endpoint has been reached; or before or after processing, for inspecting the substrate condition.

An endoscopic imaging system for use in a light deficient environment includes an imaging device having a tube, one or more image sensors, and a lens assembly including at least one optical elements that corresponds to the one or more image sensors. The endoscopic system includes a display for a user to visualize a scene and an image signal processing controller. The endoscopic system includes a light engine having an illumination source generating one or more pulses of electromagnetic radiation and a lumen transmitting one or more pulses of electromagnetic radiation to a distal tip of an endoscope.

A photonic integrated circuit including an input for receiving input electromagnetic radiation having a bandwidth greater than 60 nm; a spectral splitter splitting the electromagnetic radiation into a plurality of spectral channels; a modulator for modulating an amplitude and a phase of one or more of the spectral channels so as to form modulated outputs; and a spectral recombiner for combining the modulated outputs into a single output port outputting output electromagnetic radiation having the desired output spectral intensity profile shaped by and synthesized from the modulated outputs.

A Raman spectroscopy system, including an optical excitation source, an objective lens, a mirror for redirecting optical excitation to the objective lens, an optical switch, an excitation beam optical fiber operationally connected to the objective lens and to the optical switch, a plurality of Raman probes, a plurality of probe optical fibers, each respective probe optical fiber operationally connected to the optical switch and a respective Raman probe, and a spectrometer. Each respective Raman probe is operationally connected to the spectrometer.