In an embodiment a measuring unit includes a light emitting LED component including a housing occupying a housing surface G and an LED chip located within the housing, the LED chip including a light emitting light surface L and being configured to emit light; a photodetector configured to detect reflected light reflected from a measured object originating from the LED component and output a measurement signal dependent on a detection of the reflected light; and an integrated circuit configured to evaluate the measurement signal, wherein the LED component, the photodetector, and the integrated circuit are combined into an integrated unit; and a conversion layer disposed in the housing and located above the LED chip, the conversion layer configured to convert the light into multiband light, wherein a ratio L/G of is greater than or equal to 0.8, and wherein the measuring unit is configured to optically measure at least one property of the measured object.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for a systems and methods for intra-shot dynamic LIDAR detector gain. One example method my include receiving first image data associated with a first image of an object illuminated at a first wavelength and captured by a camera at the first wavelength, the first image data including first pixel data for a first pixel of the first image and second pixel data for a second pixel of the first image. The example method may also include calculating a first reflectance value for the first pixel using the first pixel data. The example method may also include calculating a second reflectance value for the second pixel using the second pixel data. The example method may also include generating, using first reflectance value and the second reflectance value, a first reflectance distribution of the object.

In some examples, a method for compressing a spectral reflectance dataset may be performed through compression circuitry. The method may include computing a principal component analysis basis for the spectral reflectance dataset; projecting the spectral reflectance dataset onto the principal component analysis basis to obtain a weight matrix; quantizing the weight matrix; performing a Huffman encoding process on the quantized weight matrix to generate a Huffman table and Huffman codes for the quantized weight matrix; and providing compressed spectral reflectance data as the principal component analysis basis, the Huffman table, and the Huffman codes.

Systems and methods utilize an infrared probe and discriminating software to rapidly discriminate normal tissue processes from normal tissue during surgery, physical examination of in-situ lesions, and in the assessment of biopsy and resected tissue specimens. Examples demonstrate discrimination of cancerous from noncancerous tissues. The discriminating software, i.e. the metrics, algorithms, calibrant spectra, and decision equations, allows tissue to be identified as abnormal or normal using a minimum of infrared (IR) wavelengths in order to be measured rapidly. The probe records IR metrics approximately 1000 times faster than current commercial instruments, i.e. on a timescale fast enough for clinical use. The probe uses a tunable mid-infrared laser with a small set of selected wavelengths that are optimized for detecting the chemical and molecular signatures of tissue specific lesions to include, but not limited to, cancer, preneoplasia, intracellular accumulations (e.g. steatosis), inflammation, and wound healing.

Provided is a terahertz wave spectrometry system that is capable of identifying analyzing target molecules contained in an analyte even if the analyte contains water, by activating a water remover to remove water according a comparison of absorption spectrums so that water in the analyte is easily removed without causing the analyzing target molecules to disappear due to decomposition or denaturation.

A characteristic of edible oil may be evaluated using a spectrometer. For example, optical reflectance data may be obtained from edible oil in situ in a frying apparatus housing the edible oil, the reflectance data corresponding to a specified range of infra-red wavelengths. A model profile corresponding to the characteristic being assessed may be obtained, such as from a repository housing a secured library of such profiles. The model profile may define a regression vector for use in transforming the reflectance data to generate a value corresponding to the characteristic being assessed. A criterion may be applied to the value to establish a simplified representation of the characteristic for presentation to a user for assessment of oil quality.

A system for estimating a Lambertian equivalent reflectance for reflective band imagery is disclosed. In some embodiments, the system estimates an equivalent reflectance and performs atmospheric correction of reflective band imagery without user interaction and accounts for the effect of background reflectance mixing with individual target reflectances. Some of these embodiments use a dark pixel-based technique to improve the characterization of the atmosphere.

Various implementations of an apparatus for sensing one or more parameters are disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a sweeping wavelength laser configured to generate a sweeping wavelength optical signal; an optical fiber including a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) structure configured to sense a parameter, wherein the optical fiber is configured to receive the sweeping wavelength optical signal, wherein the FBG structure is configured to produce a reflected optical signal with a particular wavelength in response to the sweeping wavelength optical signal, and wherein the particular wavelength varies as a function of the parameter; a photo detector configured to generate an electrical signal based on the reflected optical signal; a comparator configured to generate a pulse based on a comparison of the electrical signal to a threshold; and a processor configured to generate an indication of the parameter based on the pulse. The comparator may be configured as a Schmitt trigger.

A high resolution inspection apparatus using a terahertz Bessel beam. The high resolution inspection apparatus comprises a terahertz wave generating unit for generating a terahertz wave; a Bessel beam forming unit for generating a terahertz Bessel beam using the terahertz wave incident from the terahertz wave generating unit; a ring beam forming unit for forming a ring beam using the terahertz Bessel beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to an inspection target object; a scattered light detecting unit for detecting scattered light generated from the inspection target object; and a ring beam detecting unit for detecting a ring beam transmitted through the inspection target object.

A system for estimating a Lambertian equivalent reflectance for reflective band imagery is disclosed. In some embodiments, the system estimates an equivalent reflectance and performs atmospheric correction of reflective band imagery without user interaction and accounts for the effect of background reflectance mixing with individual target reflectances. Some of these embodiments use a dark pixel-based technique to improve the characterization of the atmosphere.