The spectral colorimetry apparatus includes an LED, a diffraction grating; a line sensor that has multiple pixels and that receives light dispersed by the diffraction grating at the multiple pixels for respective wavelengths of the dispersed light and outputs voltages according to the intensity of the received light; and a sensor CPU that calculates spectral reflectivity of an object based on the intensity of light reflected from the object. The sensor CPU varies, with the multiple pixels, the number of detection times of detecting the light reflected from the object at each pixel.

A measuring device a measurement unit configured to measure an image on a sheet, the measurement unit including a light emitting portion configured to illuminate the sheet with light, and a detecting portion configured to detect light reflected by the sheet; a supporting unit supporting the measurement unit; and a driving unit configured to move the measurement unit supported by the supporting unit in a scanning direction. A size, in the scanning direction, of a detectable range of the detecting portion in which the detecting portion is capable of detecting the reflected light from the sheet is larger than a size, in a sub-scanning direction perpendicular to the scanning direction and a normal direction of a surface of the sheet, of the detectable range of the detecting portion.

An optical wavelength dispersion device is disclosed, which includes a waveguide unit and an adjustable reflecting unit, wherein the waveguide unit has a first substrate, an input unit, a grating, a reflector and a second substrate. The input unit is formed on the first substrate and having a slit for receiving an optical signal, a grating is formed on the first substrate for producing an output beam once the optical signal is dispersed, the reflector is formed on the first substrate for reflecting the output beam, the second substrate is located on the input unit, the grating and the reflector, and forms a waveguide space with the first substrate; the adjustable reflecting unit is located outside of the waveguide unit, and is used for changing emitting angle and adjusting focus of the output beam.

A difference between a peak reflectance of a first wavelength component and a reflectance of a second wavelength component having a predetermined wavelength among reflectances of a plurality of wavelength components constituting reflected light in a highlight direction from a glitter material-containing coating film is set as a first difference value. Reflectance is measured of the first and second wavelength components of the reflected light in the highlight direction for the coating film corresponding to a measurement object. A first difference value is calculated by using the measurement result. A storage stores in advance correlation information indicating a correlation between the first difference value and an index value indicating predetermined physical characteristics of a glitter material contained in the coating film. An index value calculator calculates the index value of the coating film corresponding to the measurement object by using the correlation information and the first difference value calculated in the first calculator.

An optical wavelength dispersion device is disclosed, which includes a waveguide unit and an adjustable reflecting unit, wherein the waveguide unit has a first substrate, an input unit, a grating, a reflector and a second substrate. The input unit is formed on the first substrate and having a slit for receiving an optical signal, a grating is formed on the first substrate for producing an output beam once the optical signal is dispersed, the reflector is formed on the first substrate for reflecting the output beam, the second substrate is located on the input unit, the grating and the reflector, and forms a waveguide space with the first substrate; the adjustable reflecting unit is located outside of the waveguide unit, and is used for changing emitting angle and adjusting focus of the output beam.

A spectrometer including at least one light-coupling element, a variable entrance slit, a dispersive element, a detector element and a control and evaluation unit. The object of providing a spectrometer having improved measuring characteristics is achieved in that the variable entrance slit is implemented by a first spatial modulation element including a plurality of pixels, wherein the individual pixels can be arranged independently of one another by the control and evaluation unit, wherein the individual pixels are arranged in order to implement the entrance slit during operation in such a manner that at least part of the light incident from the light-coupling element is passed on to the dispersive element.

A hyperspectral imaging system and method are presented for use in reconstruction of spectral data of an object. The system comprises: a pixel matrix of a detector; a tunable dispersive unit in front of the pixel matrix; and a control system. The control system comprises: a controller for tuning the dispersive unit during n image acquisition sessions to provide n different partially overlapping spectral transmission profiles of the dispersive unit; and a control unit which is in data communication with the detector and is configured and operable for processing n image data pieces generated by the pixel matrix in said n image acquisition sessions respectively, each being indicative of a spectral image detected by the pixel matrix and corresponding to the different spectral transmission profile of the dispersive unit, and determining the reconstructed spectral data of the object.

Disclosed is an endoscope including: a four-color separation prism configured to separate light from an object into three primary colors of light and infrared light; four image sensors configured to convert optical images of the separated three primary colors of light and an optical image of the separated infrared light into electrical signals; and an output device configured to output the converted electrical signals.

An illumination device comprises one or more emitter modules having improved thermal and electrical characteristics. According to one embodiment, each emitter module comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) configured for producing illumination for the illumination device, one or more photodetectors configured for detecting the illumination produced by the plurality of LEDs, a substrate upon which the plurality of LEDs and the one or more photodetectors are mounted, wherein the substrate is configured to provide a relatively high thermal impedance in the lateral direction, and a relatively low thermal impedance in the vertical direction, and a primary optics structure coupled to the substrate for encapsulating the plurality of LEDs and the one or more photodetectors within the primary optics structure.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for monitoring yarn quality in the textile industry. Textile yarn is checked for quality to meet the required criteria such as diameter evenness and unwanted foreign fiber presence. The invention utilizes an artificial light illuminating the yarn, focusing element, diffraction element and the image sensor for capturing of focused diffracted rays from illuminated yarn image. The presence of foreign fibres in yarn and yarn diameter is determined by processing of captured image.