In a method of determining a critical temperature of a semiconductor package, heat is applied to at least one semiconductor package. Temperatures of the semiconductor package are measured during the heating. Heights of the semiconductor package are also measured during the heating. A temperature of the semiconductor package measured at a point at which a height from among the measured heights of the semiconductor package is sharply increased so that swelling of the semiconductor package occurs is determined as the critical temperature of the semiconductor package. Thus, the critical temperature of the semiconductor package may be accurately determined.

A system for remotely sensing a skin temperature of a person includes a housing forming an aperture on one side thereof, a temperature sensor installed inside the housing, a window fitted to the aperture and configured to relay infrared light therethrough, wherein the infrared light is emitted remotely from a person, and an optical element installed inside the housing and configured to reflect the infrared light to the temperature sensor. The skin temperature of the person is measured based on the reflected infrared light.

An autonomous vehicle control system includes at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to cause a first device to monitor a body temperature of a first person, determine, responsive to the monitoring, as a first determination result, whether the monitored body temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold, perform image processing on an image of the first person, determine, based on a result of the image processing, as a second determination result, whether the first person wears a face mask, and control a second device based on at least one of the first determination result or the second determination result.

A telescoping sensor mount capable of systematically extending a sensor above a crop growth canopy. The telescoping sensor mount of the invention includes a foldaway tripod support system and is further capable of being powered with solar energy. The sensor mount and support are capable of extension and retraction and provide a solid base support for the sensors.

In one aspect, a method of controlling an operation of a compactor during a paving operation may include obtaining thermal image data and position data of an asphalt mat using a measuring device on a paving machine, and determining, using a controller, whether a person is on the asphalt mat based on a temperature range and the thermal image data. The method also includes determining, using the controller, a distance between the person and the compactor using the obtained position data and a position of the compactor, and generating, using the controller, a signal for reducing a speed of the compactor when the determined distance between the person and the compactor is less than a maintain speed threshold distance. In other aspects, a related system is provided for controlling a compactor during a paving operation.

In one embodiment, an infrared (IR) imaging system for determining a concentration of a target species in an object is disclosed. The imaging system can include an optical system including an optical focal plane array (FPA) unit. The optical system can have components defining at least two optical channels thereof, said at least two optical channels being spatially and spectrally different from one another. Each of the at least two optical channels can be positioned to transfer IR radiation incident on the optical system towards the optical FPA. The system can include a processing unit containing a processor that can be configured to acquire multispectral optical data representing said target species from the IR radiation received at the optical FPA. Said optical system and said processing unit can be contained together in a data acquisition and processing module configured to be worn or carried by a person.

A pyroelectric infrared sensor device comprising: a pyroelectric infrared sensor part (2); and a cover member (3). The pyroelectric infrared sensor part comprises: a pyroelectric element (21); a housing (24) that the pyroelectric element is placed inside of and comprises an opening at a position facing a light receiving surface of the pyroelectric element; and an infrared transmission filter (25) that is located to cover the opening of the housing. The cover member covers at least a top surface of the pyroelectric infrared sensor part. The infrared transmission filter transmits light equal to or greater than a wavelength of 1 μm. The cover member has a property that a transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of from 3 μm to 5.5 μm is equal to or greater than 10% and has a uniform material quality in an area corresponding to the top surface of the pyroelectric infrared sensor part.

Apparatuses and methods for in-situ temperature measurement of a process chamber are described herein. A process chamber includes an infrared (IR) sensor mounted to the chamber wall. The IR sensor is mounted such that it can be oriented to receive an IR wave from targets within the process chamber through a view port in the chamber wall to detect a temperature of a surface inside the chamber, or to receive an IR wave from a target outside of the process chamber to detect an atmospheric temperature or a temperature of an exterior surface of the process chamber. As the orientation of the IR sensor is controllable to receive the IR wave from selected directions, it may be used to detect the temperature of various targets inside and outside the process chamber. The obtained temperature information is useful to improve overall chamber matching, processing throughput, and uniformity.

A device for estimating an outer surface temperature of a radiant coil which is provided in an cracking furnace for ethylene production including a convection coil that preheats hydrocarbons as raw materials and steam, a radiant coil that thermally decomposes the preheated hydrocarbons and steam, and a housing for accommodating them, and which includes an imaging camera that images a region to be imaged of the radiant coil, and an image analyzer that processes an output signal from the imaging camera and estimates an outer surface temperature of the radiant coil.

In one embodiment, an infrared (IR) imaging system for determining a concentration of a target species in an object is disclosed. The imaging system can include an optical system including an optical focal plane array (FPA) unit. The optical system can have components defining at least two optical channels thereof, said at least two optical channels being spatially and spectrally different from one another. Each of the at least two optical channels can be positioned to transfer IR radiation incident on the optical system towards the optical FPA. The system can include a processing unit containing a processor that can be configured to acquire multispectral optical data representing said target species from the IR radiation received at the optical FPA. Said optical system and said processing unit can be contained together in a data acquisition and processing module configured to be worn or carried by a person.