A multilayer pyroelectric element includes: a laminate body constituted by multiple pyroelectric body layers laminated in their thickness direction; internal electrode layers which are provided between the pyroelectric body layers, and one ends of which extend to the outer peripheries of the adjoining pyroelectric body layers; and external electrodes that connect the alternate internal electrode layers together at the one ends, wherein “x.sub.1>x.sub.3 AND x.sub.2>x.sub.3” are satisfied wherein x.sub.1 is a distance between a pair of first faces crossing at right angles with the laminating direction of the pyroelectric body layers, x.sub.2 is a distance between a pair of second faces crossing at right angles with the first faces and running parallel with the laminating direction of the pyroelectric body layers, and x.sub.3 a is a distance between a pair of third faces crossing at right angles with the first faces and also with the second faces.

The present invention discloses an automatic calibration method of a sensor, including the following steps of: (A1) setting a default trigger value; (A2) sampling a signal and accumulating a signal value to perform signal judgment; (A3) determining whether a trigger condition is met or not; (A4) if yes, recording an accumulated signal value meeting the trigger condition, and if not, returning to step (A2); and (A5) analyzing and updating the default trigger value.

A high-precision non-contact temperature measurement device includes: a thermal insulation box made of a thermal insulation material and having therein a receiving space; a dynamic constant-temperature feedback control module for controlling temperature of the receiving space; and a non-temperature-sensing thermal imager disposed in the receiving space. The device achieves system thermal insulation within a non-contact temperature measurement gauge, maintains the overall closed system dynamically at constant temperature, compensates for effects of internal chip self-heating effect and visual field background temperature variation, and finally calculates average temperature of surfaces of a target precisely with an imaging, non-contact temperature measurement gauge and a temperature calibration algorithm widely used in thermal-imaging non-contact temperature measurement.

A live detection system, a thermal infrared (IR) imager and a method for power grid equipment are provided. The system includes an environmental parameter module for acquiring environmental temperature, humidity and wind speed data; a ranging module for measuring a linear distance to the power grid equipment; an equipment type recognition module for acquiring an image of the power grid equipment, and recognizing a type of the power grid equipment; an equipment material determination module for determining a material type of the power grid equipment; an emissivity setting module for setting an emissivity; an temperature measurement module for obtaining a temperature of the power grid equipment by focusing on positions of the power grid equipment which need temperature measurement; and a report generation module for selecting a corresponding diagnostic model, displaying a temperature measurement position and a temperature value, drawing a conclusion, and generating a report.

Apparatus and methods are disclosed for highly accurate remote measurement of sea surface skin temperature. Thermal band 8 to 14 micron images of the surface of the ocean taken by a downward looking infrared camera are processed to determine the optimum segments of the image to utilize. The influence of contaminating reflection of the downwelling flux from the sky and other error sources are removed and from the data and/or otherwise corrected for making sea surface temperature accuracy within several tenths of a degree possible.

A temperature estimation device (100) is provided with: an acquiring section (131) that acquires a photographed image photographed by a photographing section (110) including an infrared light sensor and a housing; a generating section (132) that corrects the photographed image with use of a correction parameter and a temporarily set temperature of the housing to generate a corrected image of the photographed image, the correction parameter that is calculated by prior temperature calibration with respect to the photographing section (110); and an estimating section (135) that estimates a temperature of the housing on the basis of non-uniformity of luminance values of pixels included in the corrected image.

A temperature estimation device (100) is provided with: an acquiring section (131) that acquires a photographed image photographed by a photographing section (110) including an infrared light sensor and a housing; a generating section (132) that corrects the photographed image with use of a correction parameter and a temporarily set temperature of the housing to generate a corrected image of the photographed image, the correction parameter that is calculated by prior temperature calibration with respect to the photographing section (110); and an estimating section (135) that estimates a temperature of the housing on the basis of non-uniformity of luminance values of pixels included in the corrected image.

A thermal radiation detector is disclosed that includes a substrate, a platform suspended above the substrate, a support structure holding the platform, and a temperature sensor disposed on the platform and having an electrical parameter that varies in accordance with the temperature of the temperature sensor. The detector also includes a carbon-nanotube-based optical absorber in thermal contact with the temperature sensor and configured to absorb electromagnetic radiation to generate heat to change the temperature of the temperature sensor. The optical absorber may include a carbon nanotube film, for example, obtained by spray coating. The detector further includes a passivation layer structure disposed over the optical absorber, which may be made of a metal compound, for example, titanium or aluminum oxide. The thermal radiation detector may be a microbolometer detector, a thermocouple/thermopile detector, or a pyroelectric detector. Arrays of thermal radiation detectors and fabrication methods are also disclosed.

The goal of the METHOD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF SPATIAL AREAS as a continuation of The Spatial Environmental Control Unit is a method of logging multi-spectral, multi-pixel infrared radiation data of objects in a spatial area for the analysis and control of heat transfer dynamics in the spatial area that is responsive to feedback for controlling the thermal conditions in the spatial area. The METHOD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF SPATIAL AREAS further makes the current norm of an absolute temperature control approach for thermal control and human comfort obsolete. Ambient environmental conditions and user preference variables makes the current approach to thermal control time consuming, inaccurate and tedious. The Spatial Environmental Control Unit as one of our foundation patents disclosed the physical components make thermal control and analysis more responsive and user friendly. The METHOD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF SPATIAL AREAS makes the control and analysis of the thermal properties of the spatial area more intuitive by providing visual images on any compatible device simplifying the understanding of the dynamics of heat transfer in an environment. Tedium and frustration become understanding and empowerment. This method enables gaining knowledge and using tools for analysis, allowing a user to redesign his environment by correcting ambient conditions and improving the operation of the thermal conditioning equipment. The end result is a better thermal environment with higher energy efficiency.

A method of measuring temperature based upon a system of equations applying Stefan-Boltzmann's law and using a measurement value for an object to be measured and an ambient temperature value (Ta) comprises: pre-calculating (200, 202) a first vector (LUT1) and a second vector (LUT2). The first vector (LUT1) is a series of values proportional to received power based upon respective temperature values and in respect of a predetermined generic range of temperatures. The second vector (LUT2) is a series of sensitivity characteristic factor values based upon expected measured temperature values and in respect of a predetermined range of expected object measured temperatures. The first vector (LUT1) and the second vector (LUT2) are used (206) to generate a temporary vector (LUT.sub.T) of a series of values limited to the ambient temperature value to solve the system of equations in respect of the measurement value for the object, thereby determining (208) a temperature (To) for the object from the measurement value.