We disclose herein an infra-red (IR) detector comprising a substrate comprising at least one etched portion and a substrate portion; a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate. The dielectric layer comprises at least one dielectric membrane, which is adjacent to the etched portion of the substrate. The detector further comprises a first sensing area and a second sensing area each located in a dielectric membrane and a plurality of thermocouples. At least one thermocouple comprises first and second thermal junctions. The first thermal junction is located in or on the first sensing area and the second thermal junction is located in or on the second sensing area.

An infrared sensor is formed in such a manner that an infrared receiver and a base substrate are spaced with a beam made of a thin-film phononic crystal in which through holes are arranged periodically. The beam made of a phononic crystal is formed in such a manner that a period P of through holes increases at arbitrary intervals in a direction from the infrared receiver toward the base substrate.

Device and method of forming the devices are disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate prepared with transistor and sensor regions. The substrate is processed by forming a lower sensor cavity in the substrate, filling the lower sensor cavity with a sacrificial material, forming a dielectric membrane in the sensor region, forming a transistor in the transistor region and forming a micro-electrical mechanical system (MEMS) component on the dielectric membrane in the sensor region. The method continues by forming a back-end-of-line (BEOL) dielectric having a plurality of interlayer dielectric (ILD) layers with metal and via levels disposed on the substrate for interconnecting the components of the device. The metal lines in the metal levels are configured to define an upper sensor cavity over the lower sensor cavity, and metal lines of a first metal level of the BEOL dielectric are configured to define a geometry of the MEMS component.

We disclose herein an infra-red (IR) detector comprising a substrate comprising at least one etched portion and a substrate portion; a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate. The dielectric layer comprises at least one dielectric membrane, which is adjacent to the etched portion of the substrate. The detector further comprises a first sensing area and a second sensing area each located in a dielectric membrane and a plurality of thermocouples. At least one thermocouple comprises first and second thermal junctions. The first thermal junction is located in or on the first sensing area and the second thermal junction is located in or on the second sensing area.

The invention relates to a thermopile infrared individual sensor in a housing that is filled with a gaseous medium having optics and one or more sensor chips with individual sensor cells with infrared sensor structures with reticulated membranes, the infrared-sensitive regions of which are spanned by, in each case, at least one beam over a cavity in a carrier body with good thermal conduction. The object of the invention consists of specifying a thermopile infrared sensor using monolithic Si-micromechanics technology for contactless temperature measurements, which, in the case of a sufficiently large receiver surface, outputs a high signal with a high response speed and which can operated in a gaseous medium with normal pressure or reduced pressure and which is producible in mass produced numbers without complicated technology for sealing the housing. This is achieved by virtue of, in each case, combining a plurality of individual adjacent sensor cells (18) with respectively one infrared-sensitive region with thermopile structures (14, 15) on the membrane (12) on a common carrier body (1) of an individual chip to a single thermopile sensor structure with a signal output in the housing, consisting of a cap (12) sealed with a base plate (3) with a common gaseous medium (10).

The invention relates to a device (1) for storing an object or a substance, in particular a medication, having a container (2, 20) with a container space for storing the object or the substance and having a monitoring device (5), which comprises a first sensor (6) for detecting measurement data and a processing device (10) for determining a irradiation input and/or heat input and/or the temperature and/or a temperature profile of the object or the substance or of the container space using the detected measurement data, wherein the first sensor is a sensor (6) for detecting electromagnetic radiation, in particular a semiconductor sensor or a thermopile.

A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device embedded with micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) components in a MEMS region. The MEMS components, for example, are infrared (IR) thermoconforms. The device is encapsulated with a CMOS compatible IR transparent cap to hermetically seal the MEMS sensors in the MEMS region. The CMOS cap includes a base cap with release openings and a seal cap which seals the release openings.

An infrared sensor is formed in such a manner that an infrared receiver and a base substrate are spaced with a beam made of a thin-film phononic crystal in which through holes are arranged periodically. The beam made of a phononic crystal is formed in such a manner that a period P of through holes increases at arbitrary intervals in a direction from the infrared receiver toward the base substrate.

A communication apparatus includes a first antenna array with plurality of antenna elements multiple antenna elements and first plurality of thermoelectric devices distributed across the plurality of antenna elements. An activation or a deactivation of each thermoelectric device is executed in a real-time or near real-time based on an operational state of each antenna element of the plurality of antenna elements and a performance state of the plurality of antenna elements, where the activation or the deactivation is performed in a defined delayed time after a defined time has elapsed from a start of operation of the first antenna array to mitigate performance degradation of the plurality of antenna elements when in operation. Adaptive cooling is applied by each thermoelectric device on different subsets of antenna elements such that performance breakdowns due to heating of a plurality of chips associated with the different subsets of antenna elements is reduced.

Particular embodiments described herein provide for an electronic device that can include a first housing, a second housing, where the second housing is rotatably coupled to the first housing using a hinge, and at least one thermal sensor to detect the position of a user relative to the electronic device, wherein the thermal sensor includes an array of thermopiles.